ATI LPN
Test Bank for Medical Surgical Nursing: Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care 10th Edition
Chapter 64 : Care of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse assesses a client who has diabetes mellitus and notes the client is awake and alert, but shaky, diaphoretic, and weak. Five minutes after administering a half-cup of orange juice, the client's clinical manifestations have not changed. Which action should the nurse take next?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client has mild hypoglycemia, and since the initial orange juice did not resolve symptoms, repeating the oral glucose treatment is appropriate. Intravenous dextrose, insulin, or glucagon are not indicated for mild, unresolved symptoms in an alert client.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse reviews the laboratory results of a client who is receiving intravenous insulin. Which should alert the nurse to intervene immediately?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin promotes potassium movement into cells, risking hypokalemia (2.5 mmol/L is low). This requires immediate intervention to prevent complications like arrhythmias. The other values are near normal and not directly related to insulin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse teaches a client with diabetes mellitus about sick day management. Which statement should the nurse include in this client's teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose every 4 hours during illness helps manage fluctuations. Continuing medications, eating as tolerated, and avoiding exercise during illness are also recommended, making the other options incorrect.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse assesses a client who is being treated for hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar state (HHS). Which clinical manifestation indicates to the nurse that the therapy needs to be adjusted?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An unchanged Glasgow Coma Scale score indicates no improvement in consciousness, suggesting inadequate fluid replacement in HHS. Increased potassium, decreased osmolarity, and negative ketones are expected or not indicative of treatment failure.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse cares for a client who has diabetes mellitus. The nurse administers 6 units of regular insulin and 10 units of NPH insulin at 0700. At which time should the nurse assess the client for potential problems related to the NPH insulin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: NPH insulin peaks 4"?12 hours after administration (0700), so 1600 is within the peak time for potential hypoglycemia. 0800 is too early, and 2000/2300 are too late.