ATI LPN
Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
Chapter 65 : Assessment of Neurologic Function Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is doing an initial assessment on a patient newly admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The patient has difficulty copying a figure that the nurse has drawn and is diagnosed with visual-receptive aphasia. What brain region is primarily involved in this deficit?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Visual-receptive aphasia, involving difficulty copying figures, is linked to the parietal-occipital area, which integrates visual and spatial processing. Temporal lobe damage affects auditory comprehension, and frontal areas impact expressive speech.
Question 2 of 5
What term is used to describe the fibrous connective tissue that hugs the brain closely and extends into every fold of the brains surface?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pia mater is the innermost meningeal layer, closely adhering to the brain's surface and following its contours. Dura mater is the outermost layer, arachnoid is the middle layer, and fascia is not a meningeal structure.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with an upper motor neuron lesion. What clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when planning the patients neurologic assessment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Upper motor neuron lesions cause spasticity and loss of voluntary movement control due to disrupted corticospinal signals. Decreased tone, flaccid paralysis, and slow reflexes are typical of lower motor neuron lesions.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is admitting a patient to the unit who is diagnosed with a lower motor neuron lesion. What entry in the patients electronic record is most consistent with this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lower motor neuron lesions result in flaccid paralysis, muscle atrophy, and absent deep tendon reflexes due to disrupted nerve supply to muscles. Increased tone and hyperactive reflexes indicate upper motor neuron issues.
Question 5 of 5
An elderly patient is being discharged home. The patient lives alone and has atrophy of his olfactory organs. The nurse tells the patients family that it is essential that the patient have what installed in the home?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Olfactory atrophy impairs smell, increasing the risk of missing smoke or gas. A smoke detector is critical for safety. Grab bars and mats address mobility, and heaters are unrelated to olfactory deficits.