ATI LPN
Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
Chapter 6 : Individual and Family Homeostasis, Stress, and Adaptation Questions
Question 1 of 5
When planning this patients care, which of the following statements regarding acute inflammation should you recognize?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inflammation is a defensive reaction intended to remove an offending agent and prepare the site for repair. Inflammation is not the same as infection, it does not impair the healing process, and it does not inhibit the release of histamines in the tissues.
Question 2 of 5
What should you encourage the patient to consider?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Social networks can reduce stress by providing the individual with a positive social identity, emotional support, material aide, information, and new social contacts. Changes to diet and activity may be beneficial, but social interaction is known to be of particular benefit. Attendance at a wellness clinic may or may not be beneficial, and does not involve social interaction.
Question 3 of 5
What could the nurse do to help the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Being a member of a group with similar problems or goals has a releasing effect on a person that promotes freedom of expression and exchange of ideas. Psychiatry may or may not be necessary. Spiritual assessment would necessarily precede any referral to a specific religious setting. Consciousness-raising groups are not known to be a common source of social support.
Question 4 of 5
What positive outcome of providing the patient with information should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Giving patients information also reduces the emotional response so that they can concentrate and solve problems more effectively. Educating the patient does not decrease depression levels or build interpersonal relationships. Educating the patient does not mean sharing of personal details.
Question 5 of 5
To what would you attribute this phenomenon?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Selye developed a theory of adaptation to biologic stress that he named the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), which has three phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. During the alarm phase, the sympathetic fight-or-flight response is activated with release of catecholamines and the onset of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) adrenal cortical response. The alarm reaction is defensive and anti-inflammatory but self-limited. Because living in a continuous state of alarm would result in death, people move into the second stage, resistance. During the resistance stage, adaptation to the noxious stressor occurs, and cortisol activity is still increased.