Chapter 6: Individual and Family Homeostasis, Stress, and Adaptation - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system responds rapidly to stress; norepinephrine is released at nerve ending causing the organs to respond (i.e., heart rate increases, eyes dilate, and blood pressure increases). The limbic system is a mediator of emotions and behavior that are critical to survival during times of stress. The hypothalamic-pituitary response regulates the cortisol-induced metabolic effect that results in elevated blood sugars during stressful situations. Local adaptation syndrome is a tissue-specific inflammatory reaction.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During stressful situations, ACTH stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland, which creates protein catabolism releasing amino acids and stimulating the liver to convert amino acids to glucose; the result is elevated blood sugars. Antidiuretic hormone is released during stressful situations and stimulates reabsorption of water in the distal and collecting tubules of the kidney. Assuming the patient had diabetes prior to surgery demonstrates a lack of understanding of stress-induced hyperglycemia. No evidence presented in the question other than elevated blood sugars would support a diagnosis of diabetes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A simple stress response will temporarily elevate a blood pressure and heart rate. Long-term blood pressure response is controlled by negative feedback systems. For a science teacher, this would be an appropriate level of teaching/learning and would serve to promote health. The nurse would be incorrect in assuming the patients blood pressure is good based on only two blood pressure readings. The stress of a respiratory infection could account for the elevated blood pressure, but assuring the patient that, with treatment, her blood pressure will return to normal may not be true.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of new cells in an organ or tissue. This is due to increased mitotic stimulation from the additional cell division, and this, in turn, enlarges the tissue. Hyperplasia is reversible when the stimulus for cell growth is removed. Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of new cells, not a change in size or appearance. Hyperplasia is the increase in the number of new cells, which may or may not be cancerous growth.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cells or tissues of the body may be injured or killed by any agent (physical, chemical, infectious). When this happens, an inflammatory response (or inflammation) naturally occurs in the healthy tissues adjacent to the injury site. Inflammation is not the same as infection. An infectious agent is only one of several agents that may trigger an inflammatory response. Although bee stings may cause infection, the signs and symptoms (very painful, looks swollen and red) result from the acute inflammatory response. If the stinger were still in the wound, it would only be creating inflammation, not infection. Antibiotics are not indicated.