ATI LPN
Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
Chapter 58 : Assessment and Management of Patients with Breast Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient newly diagnosed with breast cancer states that her physician suspects regional lymph node involvement and told her that there are signs of metastatic disease. The nurse learns that the patient has been diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer. What is an implication of this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage IV breast cancer, with metastatic disease, has a 5-year survival rate of approximately 15%. Surgery may still be part of palliative or local control strategies, the disease is not highly treatable, and spontaneous resolution is not possible.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is performing a comprehensive health history of a patient who is in her 50s. The nurse should identify what risk factor that may increase this patients risk for breast cancer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Late age at first pregnancy (after 30) is a known risk factor for breast cancer due to prolonged estrogen exposure without the protective effect of pregnancy. Breastfeeding, early perimenopause, and menarche at age 13 are not significant risk factors.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is examining a patient who has been diagnosed with a fibroadenoma. The nurse should recognize what implication of this patients diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fibroadenomas are benign, firm, movable tumors that may require biopsy for definitive diagnosis. They are not age-related, not linked to oral contraceptives, and do not necessitate radiation therapy.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the physicians notes from the patient who has just left the clinic. The nurse learns that the physician suspects a malignant breast tumor. On palpation, the mass most likely had what characteristic?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Malignant breast tumors are typically nontender, hard, fixed, and irregularly shaped. Small size, softness, or mobility are more characteristic of benign lesions like cysts.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has presented for her annual mammogram. The patient voices concerns related to exposure to radiation. What should the nurse teach the patient about a mammogram?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The radiation from a mammogram is minimal, equivalent to about an hour of sunlight exposure, making the benefits of early cancer detection outweigh the risks. Radiation is used, and effects do not specifically accumulate later in life; annual mammograms are safe.