ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 51 : Caring for Clients With Diabetes Mellitus Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which is the best nursing explanation for the symptom of polyuria in a client with diabetes mellitus?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High blood glucose levels increase blood osmolality, pulling fluid into the vascular system, which leads to increased urine production (polyuria) as the kidneys attempt to excrete excess glucose. This triggers thirst (polydipsia), not vice versa. Ketones and fuel requirements do not directly cause polyuria.
Question 2 of 5
Which assessment finding is most important in determining nursing care for a client with diabetes mellitus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fruity breath indicates rising ketones and potential diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate intervention to prevent complications like acidosis or renal shutdown. A blood sugar of 170 mg/dL is elevated but less critical, cloudy urine may suggest a UTI, and normal respirations are not a priority.
Question 3 of 5
The client asks the nurse if dipstick of urine can be used for monitoring glucose levels. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood testing via glucometer is the most accurate method for monitoring glucose levels, as urine dipsticks only detect glucose above the renal threshold, which is less precise. Urine dipsticks can detect both glucose and ketones but are not the preferred method for ongoing management.
Question 4 of 5
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is receiving short-acting insulin to maintain control of blood glucose levels. In providing glucometer instructions, the nurse would instruct the client to use which site for most accurate findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The fingertip provides the most accurate blood glucose readings due to its rich blood supply and minimal lag in glucose levels compared to alternate sites like the arm or thigh, which are less reliable for tight glucose control.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is explaining glycosylated hemoglobin testing to a diabetic client. Which of the following provides the best reason for this order?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measures glucose bound to hemoglobin over its 120-day lifespan, reflecting long-term glucose control. It does not assess overall blood functioning, nutritional status, or cost relative to daily testing, which is still necessary for insulin-dependent clients.