ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 51 : Caring for Clients With Diabetes Mellitus Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS). Which assessment finding should the nurse address immediately?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypotension in HHNKS indicates significant fluid loss from the extracellular compartment, requiring urgent correction to prevent coma or death. A normal pH (7.38) is not a concern, and while mental changes and fever are symptoms, they are less immediately life-threatening than fluid imbalance.
Question 2 of 5
A client with type 2 diabetes who is physically active reports recurrent symptoms of weakness and nervousness. Which is the best response from the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Weakness and nervousness suggest hypoglycemia, which can be triggered by exercise lowering blood glucose levels. These are not typical of hyperglycemia, stress alone, or a need for simple carbohydrates, which could exacerbate glucose fluctuations.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is inspecting the feet of a client with diabetes and finds a tack sticking in the sole of one foot. The client denies feeling anything unusual in the foot. Which is the best rationale for this finding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy, caused by high blood sugar reducing nerve blood flow, leads to loss of sensation, explaining the client's unawareness of the tack. Autonomic neuropathy affects organs, motor neuropathy causes muscle weakness, and nephropathy affects kidneys, not peripheral sensation.
Question 4 of 5
A client asks why pancreas transplantation is not an option offered to all insulin-dependent clients with diabetes. Which is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is manageable with insulin, and the risks of lifelong immunosuppression from transplantation often outweigh benefits. Pancreas transplants are not increasingly common, waiting lists are not the primary issue, and only one donor is needed.
Question 5 of 5
The client with diabetes asks the nurse why shoes and socks are removed at each office visit. The nurse gives which assessment finding as the explanation for the inspection of feet?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sensory neuropathy from poor glucose control reduces foot sensation, increasing injury risk. Regular foot inspections detect issues early. Autonomic neuropathy affects organs, retinopathy affects eyes, and nephropathy affects kidneys, not directly related to foot injuries.