ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 35 : Caring for Clients With HIV AIDS Questions
Question 1 of 5
A healthcare worker has been exposed to the blood of an HIV-positive client and is awaiting the results of an HIV test. In the meantime, what precautions must the healthcare worker take to prevent the spread of infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The healthcare worker will be tested for HIV at regular intervals and treated with antiretrovirals depending on the results of the tests or the potential for infection. While awaiting the results, the healthcare worker should follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS. The healthcare worker should not limit interactions with either non-HIV-infected or HIV-infected people. In addition, the healthcare worker should not quit and be admitted to a hospital for treatment. Treatment, if required, can begin if the result of the test is positive.
Question 2 of 5
A client is considering beginning sexual relations and wants to know the best way to be protected from a sexually transmitted infection and HIV. What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a latex condom with spermicide is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of HIV infection. Condoms are available for both men and women. A diaphragm would not be the most effective way because there is no protection for the penis or vagina. A lamb skin condom is not effective to prevent the transmission of HIV. Douching after intercourse is not an effective method to avoid transmission and does not offer protection from secretions that are already present.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse administers an injection to a client with AIDS. When finished, the nurse attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needlestick to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because post exposure protocols can reduce the risk of HIV infection if initiated promptly, nurses must immediately report any needlestick or sharp injury to a supervisor. Obtaining counseling will occur after all other procedures are adhered to. The lab will draw blood from the client if required for documentation and other blood transmitted disorders.
Question 4 of 5
A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, 'I think I have another vaginal infection and I also have some wart-like lesions on my vagina. This is happening quite often.' Which nursing action is the priority for this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In women, gynecologic problems may be the focus of the chief complaint for clients who are HIV positive but not yet diagnosed. Abnormal results of Papanicolaou tests, genital warts, pelvic inflammatory disease, and persistent vaginitis may also correlate with HIV infection. Based on this information, the priority nursing action is to offer information on HIV testing to the client. Although recommending abstinence or safer-sex practices, providing a prescribed topical antifungal agent to treat the client's vaginal infection, and referring to a support group may be appropriate, the priority is to determine the source of the client's symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A client with suspected exposure to HIV has been tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with positive results twice. The next step for the nurse to explain to the client for confirmation of the diagnosis is to perform what?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIS
A) test, an initial HIV screening test, is positive when there are sufficient HIV antibodies; it also is positive when there are antibodies from other infectious diseases. The test is repeated if results are positive. If results of a second ELISA test are positive, the Western blot is performed. The p24 antigen test and the polymerase chain reaction test determine the viral load, and the T4-cell count is not used for diagnostic confirmation of the presence of HIV in the blood.