ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 35 : Caring for Clients With HIV AIDS Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection reports difficulty seeing. The physician determines that the client is developing CMV retinitis. What medication does the nurse anticipate the client will receive for this?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The drug foscarnet is used to treat CMV retinitis. Alterations in renal function, nausea, anemia, headaches, seizures, and diarrhea are the most common adverse effects. Zidovudine is used in antiretroviral therapy to prevent the conversion of HIV to AIDS. Azithromycin is an antibiotic and not used to treat CMV retinitis.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse has four clients that come to the clinic for healthcare. Which client has the highest risk factor for HIV infection?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Contact with infected blood on body piercing, tattoo, and dental equipment places the inmate at great risk because there is not an approved method for sterilization of the equipment. The other answers do not eliminate the risk for HIV but are less likely.
Question 3 of 5
A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea after every meal. The client has AIDS and wants to know what to do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diarrhea may subside when the client avoids residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine. Although eating may seem to cause diarrhea, the client must understand that limiting the intake of food to control diarrhea only exacerbates wasting. The client will tolerate a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, and soft or liquid diet better than large, high-fat meals. The client should be advised to avoid large doses of iron and zinc because they can impair the functioning of the immune system.
Question 4 of 5
A client who is HIV/AIDS positive has a prescription for laboratory tests to be performed. What precautions should the nurse observe whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client, the nurse should transport these specimens in leak-proof containers. The nurse need not avoid physical contact with the client or cleaning the client's urine or stools. Barrier garments, such as face shields and glasses, should be removed soon after leaving a client's room.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse conducts an educational in-service training on infection protection and control for staff members who will provide care to clients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which subtype of HIV does the nurse inform staff members is the most prevalent in the United States?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Two HIV subtypes have been identified: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is composed of four groups identified as M, N, O, and P. Group M mutates easily and frequently, producing multiple substrains that are identified by letters from A through K, and circulating recombinant form (CRF), a hybrid virus formed by genetic material from various combined subtypes. HIV-2 is the primary type of infection in Western Africa. It is less transmittable, and the interval between initial infection with HIV-2 and the development of AIDS is longer. HIV-1, Group M, subtype B is more prevalent in the United States and in the rest of the world, but the distribution of subtypes changes from time to time because of the diverse merging of populations.