ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 35 : Caring for Clients With HIV AIDS Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client visits the nurse complaining of diarrhea after every meal. The client has AIDS and wants to know what to do to stop having diarrhea. What should the nurse advise?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diarrhea may subside when the client avoids residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine. Although eating may seem to cause diarrhea, the client must understand that limiting the intake of food to control diarrhea only exacerbates wasting. The client will tolerate a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, and soft or liquid diet better than large, high-fat meals. The client should be advised to avoid large doses of iron and zinc because they can impair the functioning of the immune system.
Question 2 of 5
A client who is HIV/AIDS positive has a prescription for laboratory tests to be performed. What precautions should the nurse observe whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Whenever there is a risk of exposure to the blood and body fluids of an infected client, the nurse should transport these specimens in leak-proof containers. The nurse need not avoid physical contact with the client or cleaning the client's urine or stools. Barrier garments, such as face shields and glasses, should be removed soon after leaving a client's room.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse conducts an educational in-service training on infection protection and control for staff members who will provide care to clients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which subtype of HIV does the nurse inform staff members is the most prevalent in the United States?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Two HIV subtypes have been identified: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is composed of four groups identified as M, N, O, and P. Group M mutates easily and frequently, producing multiple substrains that are identified by letters from A through K, and circulating recombinant form (CRF), a hybrid virus formed by genetic material from various combined subtypes. HIV-2 is the primary type of infection in Western Africa. It is less transmittable, and the interval between initial infection with HIV-2 and the development of AIDS is longer. HIV-1, Group M, subtype B is more prevalent in the United States and in the rest of the world, but the distribution of subtypes changes from time to time because of the diverse merging of populations.
Question 4 of 5
A teenaged client with a diagnosis of HIV presents at the public health clinic complaining of pharyngitis, rash on the palms and soles of the feet, and diarrhea. What would the nurse suspect the client is suffering from?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Some manifestations of ARS include: fever; swollen and tender lymph nodes; pharyngitis; rash about the face, trunk, palms, and soles; muscle and joint pain; headache; nausea and vomiting; and diarrhea. In addition, there may be enlargement of the liver and spleen, weight loss, and neurologic symptoms such as visual changes or cognitive and motor involvement. The scenario does not describe symptoms of ARC, DSP, or ADC.
Question 5 of 5
A client requires a blood transfusion for anemia and tells the nurse, 'I don't want a transfusion because I don't want to get AIDS.' Which is the best response from the nurse to the client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before 1984, blood and blood products were a major source of HIV transmission. Since then, an HIV screening test known as nucleic acid testing (NAT) is performed on all blood and plasma donations. Although screening donated blood for HIV antibodies reduces the risk of transfusion-related infection with HIV, it is not flawless. The Verywell Health's website states that the risk for HIV infection in the United States from a blood transfusion is approximately one in two million units of blood. Informing the client that transmission is always a possibility does not provide any information that will be relevant to the decision. The other responses are nontherapeutic and, therefore, should not be used as a response to the client's statement.