ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 33 : Introduction to the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse understands that which cells circulate throughout the body looking for virus-infected cells and cancer cells?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Natural killer cells are lymphocyte-like cells that circulate throughout the body looking for virus-infected cells and cancer cells. Cytokines are chemical messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Interleukins carry messages between leukocytes and tissues that form blood cells. Interferons are chemicals that primarily protect cells from viral infections.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse has several clients scheduled for annual wellness examinations throughout the day. For which client should the nurse prepare the shingles vaccine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends annual seasonal influenza vaccine and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; Pneumovax) for all adults 65 years or older or those who are at high risk, and the shingles vaccine (Zostavax) for all individuals who are over the age of 50. Based on this information, the nurse prepares to administer the shingles vaccine to the client who is 65 years of age. The other clients are not eligible to receive this vaccine until the age of 50 years.
Question 3 of 5
What type of cytokine will attract neutrophils and monocytes to remove debris?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lymphokines, a type of cytokine, attract cells when they detect antigens and direct B-cell lymphocytes to multiply and mature. Cytotoxic T cells bind to invading cells, destroy the targeted invader by altering their cellular membrane and intracellular environment, and stimulate the release of chemicals called lymphokines. Suppressor T cells limit or turn off the immune response in the absence of continued antigenic stimulation. Regulator T cells are made up of helper and suppressor cells.
Question 4 of 5
The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During a cell-mediated response, T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body, actively analyze the surface features, and respond to those that differ from the host by directly attacking the invading antigen. For example, a cell-mediated response occurs when an organ is transplanted. Immunoglobulins hinder the antigens physically by neutralizing their toxins through agglutination or by causing them to precipitate.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of HIV. The nurse is preparing to draw blood for a confirmatory diagnostic test on this client. What is the most important action that the nurse should perform before testing a client for HIV?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important that the nurse obtain written consent from the client before performing an HIV test and keep the results of HIV test confidential. The nurse may not ask the client to avoid excess fluid intake or abstain from intercourse before the tests. The client also need not take off ornaments and metallic objects worn unless they are likely to interfere with the test results.