ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 33 : Introduction to the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client who is a teenager has been brought to the clinic by the parent and is suspected of having an immune system disorder. What tests would the nurse expect to be ordered for this young client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Laboratory tests are used to identify immune system disorders. They usually include a complete blood count with differential. Protein electrophoresis screens for diseases associated with a deficiency or excess of immunoglobulins. T-cell and B-cell assays (or counts) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay may be performed. The other options are not diagnostic of immune disorders.
Question 2 of 5
A client's immune system has the ability to protect itself from external invaders. What type of immune function is present when this occurs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The immune system is a collection of specialized white blood cells and lymphoid tissues that maintain immunocompetence, the ability to cooperatively protect a person from external invaders and the body's own altered cells. Immunosuppression is the opposite and the white blood cells and lymphoid tissue are not able to protect a person from external invaders. An immune response, primarily involves the lymphocytes that are located in blood and lymphoid tissue. Immune incompatibility is not relevant in this situation.
Question 3 of 5
A client is informed of having a low white blood cell count and being at risk for the development of infections. The client asks, 'Where do I make new white blood cells?' What is the best response by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: White blood cells (leukocytes) are produced in the bone marrow. They are not produced in the plasma, thymus gland, or the lymphatic tissue.
Question 4 of 5
A client is cutting vegetable for dinner and accidently cuts a finger. What response is desirable to destroy foreign agents such as microorganisms to prevent infection from developing in the finger?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antibodies are chemical substances that destroy foreign agents such as microorganisms, which decrease the risk of infection at the site. A cell-mediated response occurs when T cells survey proteins in the body, actively analyze the surface features, and respond to those that differ from the host by directly attacking the invading antigen such as an organ transplant. Memory cells convert to plasma cells on reexposure to a specific antigen. When activated, B cells accumulate in lymphoid tissues and result in swollen lymph nodes. Passive immunity develops when ready-made antibodies are given to a susceptible person. They provide immediate but short-lived protection from an invading antigen.
Question 5 of 5
A client has had a kidney transplant performed for end-stage kidney disease. What type of immune response that T-cell lymphocytes perform is related to this type of surgery?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A cell-mediated response occurs when T cells survey proteins in the body, actively analyze the surface features, and respond to those that differ from the host by directly attacking the invading antigen. An example of a cell-mediated response is one that occurs when an organ is transplanted. The complement system cooperates with antibodies to attract phagocytes and coat antigens to make them more recognizable for phagocytosis and stimulate inflammation and is not related to the surgery. Colony-stimulating factors prompt the bone marrow to produce, mature, and promote the functions of blood cells. Naturally acquired active immunity is a direct result of infection by a specific microorganism.