ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 25 : Caring for Clients With Disorders of Coronary and Peripheral Blood Vessels Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse provides care to a menopausal client who states, 'I read a news article that says I am at risk for coronary vascular disease due to inflammation.' Which method should the nurse suggest to the client to aid in the prevention of inflammation that can lead to atherosclerosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Vascular Disease (CV
D) indicates a relationship between body fat and the production of inflammatory and thrombotic (clot-facilitating) proteins. This information suggests that decreasing obesity and body fat stores via exercise, dietary modification, or developing drugs that target proinflammatory proteins may reduce risk factors for heart disease. The risk for CVD accelerates for clients after menopause due to withdrawal of endogenous estradiol levels, which can worsen many traditional CVD risk factors, including body fat distribution. Avoiding the use of caffeine, using a multivitamin, and drinking at least 2 liters of water a day are not actions that will address the prevention of inflammation that can lead to atherosclerosis.
Question 2 of 5
A client is being evaluated for coronary artery disease (CAD) and is scheduled for an electron beam computed tomography (EBCT). The nurse understands that the primary advantage of this radiologic test is which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary advantage of EBCT is to detect and quantify calcified plaque in the coronary arteries even before symptoms arise. EBCT is noninvasive and provides clearer images with less exposure to radiation than a CT scan but not the primary reason for use.
Question 3 of 5
In the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), medications are often ordered to control blood pressure in the client. Which of the following is a primary purpose of using beta-adrenergic blockers in the nursing management of CAD?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta-adrenergic blockers are used in the treatment of CAD to decrease the consumption of myocardial oxygen by reducing heart rate and workload of the heart. Nitrates are used for vasodilation. Anti-lipid drugs (such as statins and B vitamins) are used to decrease homocysteine levels. ACE inhibitors inhibit the conversion of angiotensin.
Question 4 of 5
A client is prescribed a nitroglycerin transdermal patch to treat angina. Which statement does the nurse include when reinforcing medication teaching to the client prior to discharge?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A transdermal nitroglycerin patch is prescribed for the prevention of angina pectoris. Nitroglycerin transdermal patches are typically applied for 12 to 14 hours, and then removed for the same amount of time. Though it is true that common adverse effects of nitroglycerin are headaches and contact dermatitis and that there is less demand on the heart when the client rests, these are not the reasons for applying and removing the patch for the same length of time in a 24-hour period.
Question 5 of 5
Clients taking vasodilator drugs have a greater risk for postprandial hypotension. Which of the following is the best nursing explanation for this phenomenon?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During digestion, blood is diverted to the GI tract which decreases cerebral blood flow and increases potential of orthostatic hypotension. Although gravity does pull blood to the lower extremities while sitting, this is not the primary concern with postprandial hypotension. Decreased peripheral blood flow does not result in postprandial hypotension. Bronchospasms are associated more with asthma not diversion of blood flow.