ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 24 : Caring for Clients With Valvular Disorders of the Heart Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client reports a family history of aortic stenosis. Which assessment finding would the nurse identify as a likely contributing factor?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In young adults, aortic stenosis usually is a consequence of a congenital defect in which the valve has two instead of three cusps. High blood pressure and chest pain are symptoms that can be exhibited in aortic stenosis. Unidirectional blood flow is the normal flow of blood through the heart.
Question 2 of 5
What must the nurse assess for to determine adequate care for a client with aortic stenosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angina indicates insufficient nourishment of the myocardium, which can increase the risk for mortality. The systolic blood pressure increases to force blood through the narrowed opening, and systolic murmurs can be identified in some clients, but are not the most important factors. Calcification of the aortic valve is a cause for the disorder.
Question 3 of 5
A client who is diagnosed with aortic stenosis is scheduled for a percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Which statement does the nurse include when reinforcing education regarding this procedure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty (i.e., valvotomy) is a nonsurgical alternative for the treatment of mitral stenosis. During this procedure, a catheter with an uninflated balloon is passed through the femoral vein and threaded into the right atrium. The septum is then punctured between the right and left atria. When the catheter is in the mitral valve, it is inflated; therefore, the statement the nurse includes when reinforcing education with this client regarding this procedure is 'The balloon is placed in your heart valve and inflated.' The other statements are not appropriate for the nurse to include when reinforcing education because this procedure is nonsurgical, thus will not require a chest incision; the client is likely to be discharged the same day as the procedure, and the opening that is caused as a result of this procedure is likely to close within 6 months, not 1 year.
Question 4 of 5
A client with aortic regurgitation is experiencing dyspnea and chest pain with activity. The nurse knows that the cause of the symptoms can be best determined by which diagnostic test?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because the symptoms occur with activity, a radionuclide scan could compare the blood flow through the heart at rest and during activity, giving valuable information about the severity of the diseased valve. ECG, TEE, and MRI are diagnostic tests used in the diagnosis of cardiac disease but less specific for exercise evaluation.
Question 5 of 5
A client is scheduled for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Which statement from the nurse best explains this procedure to family members?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TAVI procedure is a minimally invasive procedure (no incision) that uses balloon valvuloplasty, stent, and partial replacement of the diseased valve using a portion of a pig valve. The TAVI is mostly used in older adults who are at high risk for the complete aortic valve replacement and helps to relieve recurring symptoms.