ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 16 : Caring for Clients With Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid? Base Imbalances Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is instructing on the body's negative feedback loop to ensure homeostasis to a group of students. Which action by bases keeps the blood $\mathrm{pH}$ nearly neutral?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acids are substances that release hydrogen into fluid, bases are substances that bind with hydrogen. The delicate balance between acids and bases, as well as fluids and electrolytes, maintains the nearly neutral blood $\mathrm{pH}$.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for an older adult client in the home setting who is experiencing decreased thirst. Which type of fluid imbalance should the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should anticipate the presence of dehydration, which is the most common fluid imbalance in older adult clients that results from decreased thirst. Hypovolemia is a condition in which only the blood volume is low. Hypervolemia is when the intravascular fluid volume is too high. Third spacing describes the translocation of fluid from the intravascular or intercellular space to tissue compartments, where it becomes trapped and useless. It is associated with the loss of colloids.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is correct to state that a client's body needs to have adequate nutrition to maintain energy. Which type of transport of dissolved substances requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Active transport requires the use of the body's energy molecule (ATP) to meet body needs for fluid and particle transport. Osmosis is the movement of body fluids through a semipermeable membrane that allows not all substances to pass through. Passive diffusion allows the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration. Facilitated diffusion has certain dissolved substances that require the assistance from a carrier module to pass through the semipermeable membrane.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is conducting a lecture on the difference between hypovolemia and dehydration. When completing a verbal comparison, which point needs clarified?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In clients diagnosed with dehydration, all fluid compartments including the intracellular and extracellular compartment are reduced. The other options are correct. Both states can be from similar disease process such as vomiting, fever, diarrhea and difficulty swallowing and also have abnormal lab work. It is correct that hypovolemia relates to low blood volume.
Question 5 of 5
Which laboratory result does the nurse identify as a direct result of the client's hypovolemic status with hemoconcentration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When hemoconcentration occurs due to a hypovolemic state, a high ratio of blood components in relation to watery plasma occurs, thus causing an elevated hematocrit level. A high white blood cell count and urine specific gravity is also noted. Other causes of an abnormal potassium level may be present.