ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 16 : Caring for Clients With Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid? Base Imbalances Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client prescribed a low sodium diet. Which food, identified as a client favorite, will the nurse discourage?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Foods high in sodium include processed meats, such as hot dogs and cold cuts; fast foods; frozen meals; cheeses; soups and juices; and salted snack foods to name a few.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with laboratory values indicating dehydration. Which clinical symptom is consistent with the dehydration?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dehydration indicates a fluid volume deficit. Dark, concentrated urine indicates a lack of fluid volume. Adding more fluid would dilute the urine. The other options indicate fluid excess.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with frequent dizziness. The nurse is evaluating the client for postural hypotension. Which of the following symptoms would indicate a potential diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Postural hypotension occurs when the client rises from a supine or semi- Fowler's position to a standing position and the systolic blood pressure drops by $15 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$. The client has symptoms of dizziness or a near syncopal episode.
Question 4 of 5
An adult client is brought into the clinic feeling thirsty with dry, sticky mucous membranes; decreased urine output; fever; a rough tongue; and lethargy. The nurse reconciles the client's medication list and notes that salt tablets had been prescribed. What would the nurse do next?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client's symptoms of feeling thirsty with dry, sticky mucous membranes; decreased urine output; fever; a rough tongue; and lethargy suggest hypernatremia. The client needs to be evaluated with serum blood tests soon; a later appointment will delay treatment. It is necessary to restrict sodium intake. Salt tablets and a sodium chloride IV will only worsen this condition. A Lactated Ringer's IV is a hypertonic IV and is not used with hypernatremia. A hypotonic solution IV may be a part of the treatment, but not along with the salt tablets.
Question 5 of 5
A client with hypervolemia asks the nurse what mechanism in the sodium potassium pump will move the excess body fluid. What is the correct answer from the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Active transport is the physiologic pump that moves fluid from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration. Active transport requires adenosine triphosphate for energy. Passive osmosis does not require energy for transport. Free flow is transport of water naturally. Passive elimination is a filter process carried out in the kidneys.