ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 13 : Intravenous Therapy Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is brought to the emergency department with full-thickness burns to $27\%$ of the body. The nurse knows to prepare intravenous (IV) fluid administration from which solution group?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lower osmolarity solutions are hypotonic solutions and will shift fluid from the blood vessels to the cells (where damage has occurred). Isotonic solutions will assist in preventing hypovolemia but will not rescue the damaged cells and prevent further dehydration. Higher osmolarity solutions are hypertonic and will pull fluid from the cells to the blood vessels.
Question 2 of 5
A client is scheduled for a test that requires an NPO status and has been ordered $5\%$ dextrose in water (D,W). The nurse understands which of the following to be the best rationale for this action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isotonic solutions, such as $\mathrm{D}_5 \mathrm{~W}$, are administered for maintenance of fluid balance. Hypotonic solutions do provide fluid to the cells, but this is not the purpose for D5W. Hypertonic solutions are used to pull fluid into the blood vessels and are not used to replace lost fluids.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse receives an order for a client to be given a colloid solution. Which is the likely reason for the use of this type of solution?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Colloid solutions create oncotic pressure that pulls fluid into the blood vessels and expands the space. Common colloid products are blood products. Dependent edema would be remedied by careful use of hypertonic (crystalloid solution). Increased blood pressure can be caused by hypertonic solutions or use of colloid solutions. Decreased skin turgor is caused by dehydration not blood loss.
Question 4 of 5
A client with severe malnutrition is ordered intravenous (IV) albumin. Which is the primary assessment in providing nursing care for this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albumin attracts fluid so care is taken to monitor clients for signs of fluid overload during and after albumin administration. Albumin is a plasma protein and should not affect hematocrit and hemoglobin. Albumin does not lower thrombocytes or elevate WBCs.
Question 5 of 5
A client is brought to the emergency department with a diagnosis of possible cerebral vascular accident (CVA) and is being typed and crossmatched for fresh frozen plasma (FFP). Which is the best nursing understanding for this action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: FFP contains fibrinogen and components for coagulation and is used to treat clotting disorders and/or hemorrhage. An embolus is not treated with FFP. An evolving stroke is a stroke in which the symptoms are still changing and does not define the cause of the stroke. Hypervolemia means intravascular overload, which is not usually associated with a stroke.