ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 12 : Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who has acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) and has developed oral thrush. What type of infection is the nurse aware that has developed due to the immunocompromised state of the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An opportunistic or superinfection occurs among immunocompromised hosts. Examples would be yeast infections in the mouth, bladder infections, gastroenteritis, and Pneumocystis carinii. An acute infection has a sudden onset with serious and sometimes life-threatening manifestations. A chronic infection is an extended infection that resists treatment. A secondary infection is a complication of some other disease process that occurred first.
Question 2 of 5
A client informs the nurse, 'I think I am getting sick.' The chief symptoms of the client are low-grade fever, headache, and having no energy. What stage of the infection does the nurse recognize the client is experiencing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the prodromal stage, the initial symptoms appear; they may be vague and nonspecific. Possible symptoms include mild fever, headache, and loss of usual energy. The incubation period does not exhibit any recognizable symptoms. The acute stage is when the symptoms become severe and specific to the affect tissue or organ. The convalescent stage is when symptoms subside as the host overcomes the infectious agent.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a group of five clients at the hospital. To control infections when caring for the group of clients, what intervention can the nurse perform?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses and other healthcare personnel must take precautions to control infections when caring for all clients, regardless of diagnosis or infection status. These precautions are called standard precautions, measures for reducing the risk of transmitting pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infections. It is unnecessary to use a mask when caring for clients who do not have a droplet or airborne infection. Clients should not be placed in isolation unless they have an infection that could be transmitted to others.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse gave a client an injection and, when attempting to recap the needle, sustained a needlestick injury to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Should needlestick injury or other exposure to a potential blood-borne pathogen occur, healthcare workers are advised to follow postexposure recommendations; report the injury or exposure to one's supervisor immediately; document the injury in writing; identify the person or source of blood; obtain the HIV and HBV statuses of the source of blood, if it is legal to do so. Unless the client gives permission, testing and revealing HIV status are prohibited. Obtain counseling on the potential for infection. Receive the most appropriate postexposure prophylaxis; be tested for disease antibodies at appropriate intervals. Receive instructions on monitoring potential symptoms and medical follow-up.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with an abscess on the back. The nurse observes purulent drainage coming from the abscess. What type of specimen does the nurse anticipate the physician will order to determine the type of bacteria present in the exudate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A culture identifies bacteria in a specimen taken from a person with symptoms of an infection. The source of the specimen may be body fluids or wastes, such as blood, sputum, urine, or feces, or the purulent exudate, collection of pus, from an open wound. A test for ova and parasites is a stool specimen that is examined for evidence of any forms in the infecting microorganism's life cycle. A WBC count may determine that infection is present in the body but does not isolate the bacteria. A sensitivity test is done to determine which antibiotic inhibits the growth of a nonviral microorganism and will be most effective in treating the infection.