ATI LPN
Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing Thirteenth, North American Edition
Chapter 12 : Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is admitted to an acute care facility with a diagnosis of appendicitis. Which laboratory results demonstrate the client's leukocytosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The body manufactures more WBCs as needed, a process referred to as leukocytosis. The WBC of 22,000 cells/mms indicates an abundance of white blood cells. Hemoglobin does not represent the presence of infection. The lymphocytes and neutrophils are within normal range and do not demonstrate leukocytosis.
Question 2 of 5
A client comes to the clinic and informs of having a 'painful area under my armpit.' The nurse observes a 2-cm raised area that is erythremic and has a white substance inside of it. What does the nurse suspect the client may be experiencing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
To prevent the spread of pathogens to adjacent tissues, a fibrin barrier forms around the injured area. Inside the barrier, a thick, white exudate (pus) accumulates. This collection of pus is called an abscess, which may break through the skin and drain or continue to enlarge internally. A lesion would not be filled with pus, nor would a cancerous tumor. A fluid-filled vesicle is associated with a viral type illness.
Question 3 of 5
A client is admitted to the acute care facility for vomiting and diarrhea. An intravenous (IV) catheter is inserted for the delivery of IV fluids. A family member is with the client and observes the nurse enter the room and begin touching the IV site without washing hands or wearing gloves. Why should the client and family member be concerned with the nurse's actions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Healthcare-associated infections are infections acquired while receiving care in a healthcare agency that were not active, incubatory, or chronic at admission. They occur for many reasons. Hospitalized clients are more susceptible to infections than well people because they are exposed to pathogens in the healthcare environment; may have incisions or invasive equipment (e.g., IV lines) that compromise skin integrity; or may be immunosuppressed from poor nutrition, their disease process, or its treatment. Also, because healthcare personnel are in frequent and direct contact with many clients who harbor various microorganisms, the risk for transmitting pathogenic microorganisms between and among clients is high. Allergic reaction to the IV, the nurse developing the same symptoms, and dislodging of the IV catheter are not the priority concerns.
Question 4 of 5
A client arrives at the clinic reporting vaginal discharge after having sexual intercourse 1 week ago. The client is diagnosed with gonorrhea and given a prescription for treatment. What type of infection transmission does the nurse understand occurred?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The route of transmission for a sexually transmitted disease is by direct contact. An infected person transmits the infection to a susceptible person. A droplet transmission is a spray of moist particles within a 3-foot radius of an infected person. An airborne transmission is suspension and transport on air currents beyond 3 feet. An infection transmitted by vehicle is on or in contaminated food, water, objects, or equipment.
Question 5 of 5
A client arrives at the emergency department reporting severe diarrhea and vomiting that began after ingesting a hot dog at the ballpark 6 hours ago. How does the nurse understand that the contaminated food was transmitted to the client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vehicle is the route of transmission for this client's illness. It is found on or in contaminated food, water, objects, or equipment and can occur from eating or drinking tainted products. The route of transmission, droplet is by a spray of moist particles within a 3-foot radius of infected persons. Airborne is a route of transmission that is a suspension and transport on air currents beyond 3 feet. An infection by vector is found on infected animals or insect to susceptible persons.