ATI LPN
Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
Chapter 24 : Management of Patients With Chronic Pulmonary Disease Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a young adult patient whose medical history includes an alpha-antitrypsin deficiency. This deficiency predisposes the patient to what health problem?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A host risk factor for COPD is a deficiency of alpha-antitrypsin, an enzyme inhibitor that protects the lung parenchyma from injury. This deficiency predisposes young patients to rapid development of lobular emphysema even in the absence of smoking. This deficiency does not influence the patients risk of pulmonary edema, CF, or empyema.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient whose respiratory disease is characterized by chronic hyperinflation of the lungs. What would the nurse most likely assess in this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In COPD patients with a primary emphysematous component, chronic hyperinflation leads to the barrel chest thorax configuration. The nurse most likely would not assess chest pain or long, thin fingers; these are not characteristic of emphysema. The patient would not show signs of oxygen toxicity unless he or she received excess supplementary oxygen.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with emphysema is experiencing shortness of breath. To relieve this patients symptoms, the nurse should assist her into what position?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The typical posture of a person with COPD is to lean forward and use the accessory muscles of respiration to breathe. Low Fowlers positioning would be less likely to aid oxygenation. Prone or Trendelenburg positioning would exacerbate shortness of breath.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is evaluating the diagnostic study data of a patient with suspected cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following test results is associated with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gene mutations affect transport of chloride ions, leading to CF, which is characterized by thick, viscous secretions in the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine, and reproductive tract as well as increased salt content in sweat gland secretions. Proteinuria, positive phenylketonuria, and malignancy are not diagnostic for CF.
Question 5 of 5
A school nurse is caring for a 10-year-old girl who is having an asthma attack. What is the preferred intervention to alleviate this clients airflow obstruction?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Asthma exacerbations are best managed by early treatment and education of the patient. Quick-acting beta-adrenergic medications are the first used for prompt relief of airflow obstruction. Systemic corticosteroids may be necessary to decrease airway inflammation in patients who fail to respond to inhaled beta-adrenergic medication. A peak flow device will not resolve short-term shortness of breath.