NCLEX-RN
Health Promotion and Maintenance NCLEX RN Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Mrs. M has had diabetes for seven years. She has worked hard to control her blood glucose levels and watch her dietary intake. Her physician orders a hemoglobin A1C test. Which of the following best describes the action of this test?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hemoglobin A1C test, also known as a glycated hemoglobin test, determines the amount of hemoglobin that is coated with glucose. Excess glucose in the bloodstream may cause it to attach to hemoglobin on red blood cells. Because the life of these cells is between 2 and 3 months, the hemoglobin A1C is an accurate measurement of a client's glucose during that time.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
Choice A relates to anemia and iron supplements, which are not assessed by a hemoglobin A1C test.
Choice B mentions excess glucose in the urine, which is typically assessed through a urine glucose test, not the hemoglobin A1C test.
Choice C is incorrect as the test is not related to the amount of hemoglobin reaching the liver to support gluconeogenesis; instead, it specifically measures the amount of hemoglobin that is glycated or coated with glucose.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is teaching a 28-year-old male client about testicular cancer. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the nurse's teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Testicular self-examination is best post-bathing due to scrotal relaxation. Testicular cancer is common in 15-35-year-olds but highly treatable, and any lump should be reported.
Question 3 of 5
A school nurse is performing screening examinations for scoliosis. Which signs of scoliosis should the nurse assess for? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,F
Rationale: Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine.
To ensure early detection and treatment, children aged 9 through 15 years should be screened for scoliosis; those at greatest risk are girls from 10 years of age through adolescence. The child should be unclothed or wearing only underpants so that the chest, back, and hips can be clearly seen. The child should stand with the weight equally on both feet, legs straight, and arms hanging loosely at the sides. The nurse then observes for the signs of scoliosis. These signs include nonpainful lateral curvature of the spine, a curve with one turn (C curve) or two compensating curves (S curve), lateral deviation and rotation of each vertebra, unequal shoulder heights, unequal waist angles, unequal rib prominences and chest asymmetry, and unequal rib heights.
Question 4 of 5
A client has a prescription for ketoconazole. Which instruction should the nurse teach the client to follow while taking this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client should be taught that ketoconazole is an antifungal medication. The client should avoid exposure to sunlight because the medication increases photosensitivity. The client should avoid the concurrent use of alcohol because the medication is hepatotoxic. Antacids should be avoided for 2 hours after it is taken because gastric acid is needed to activate the medication. This medication should be taken with food or milk.
Question 5 of 5
A client has entered disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) after becoming extremely ill after surgery. Which of the following laboratory findings would the nurse expect to see with this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DI
C), a client experiences widespread clotting throughout the body, leading to the depletion of clotting factors and platelets. A prolonged prothrombin time (PT) is a common finding in DIC. The PT measures the extrinsic pathway of the clotting cascade and reflects how quickly blood can clot. In DIC, the consumption of clotting factors results in a prolonged PT, indicating impaired clotting ability. Elevated fibrinogen levels (
Choice
A) are typically seen in the early stages of DIC due to the body's attempt to compensate for clot breakdown. Elevated platelet count (
Choice
C) is not a typical finding in DIC as platelets are consumed during the widespread clotting. A depressed d-dimer level (
Choice
D) is also not expected in DIC as d-dimer levels are elevated due to the breakdown of fibrin clots.
Therefore, the correct answer is a prolonged PT.