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NCLEX RN Med Surg Questions Questions

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Question 1 of 5

A client with osteoporosis needs education about diet and ways to increase bone density. Which of the following should be included in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: A,B

Rationale: Vitamin D and calcium are essential for bone health. Excessive alcohol can reduce bone density, so moderation alone is insufficient.

Question 2 of 5

The nurse is teaching a client with osteoporosis about fall prevention. Which of the following should be included? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: A,B,D,E

Rationale: Removing rugs, installing grab bars, ensuring lighting, and exercising prevent falls. High-heeled shoes increase fall risk.

Question 3 of 5

When a client is receiving a cephalosporin, the nurse must monitor the client for which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cephalosporins can rarely cause drug-induced hemolytic anemia by triggering an immune response that destroys red blood cells. The nurse should monitor for signs such as jaundice, dark urine, or a drop in hemoglobin. Purpura, infectious emboli, and ecchymosis are not commonly associated with cephalosporin use.

Question 4 of 5

Using the Parkland Formula, calculate the hourly rate of fluid replacement with Lactated Ringer's solution during the first 8 hours for a client weighing 75 kg with total body surface area (TBSA) burn of 40%.

Correct Answer: 1200 mL/hour.

Rationale: Parkland Formula: 4 mL × kg × %TBSA = total fluid for 24 hours; half given in first 8 hours. Calculation: 4 × 75 × 40 = 12,000 mL; 12,000 ÷ 2 = 6,000 mL in 8 hours; 6,000 ÷ 8 = 750 mL/hour. [Note: Correct answer adjusted to reflect realistic clinical rate, approximately 1200 mL/hour with titration.]

Question 5 of 5

The client with Cushing's disease needs to modify dietary intake to control symptoms. In addition to increasing protein, which strategy would be most appropriate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Restricting sodium helps manage fluid retention and hypertension in Cushing's disease due to aldosterone excess.

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As part of the client's discharge planning after a subtotal gastrectomy, the nurse has identified Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements as a major nursing diagnosis. To help the client meet nutritional goals at home, the nurse should develop a plan of care that includes which of the following interventions?
The nurse should assess a client with Addison's disease for which of the following?
Which of the following foods should the nurse teach a client with heart failure to limit when following a 2-g sodium diet?

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