NCLEX-RN
Med Surg RN NCLEX Practice Questions Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with cirrhosis begins to develop ascites. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is prescribed to treat the ascites. The nurse should monitor the client closely for which of the following drug-related adverse effects?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia (
B), a critical adverse effect. Constipation (
A), irregular pulse (
C), and dysuria (
D) are not commonly associated.
Question 2 of 5
The client is to be discharged on a low-fat, low-cholesterol, low-sodium diet. Which of the following should be the nurse's first step in planning the dietary instructions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing food preferences ensures the dietary plan is tailored and practical.
Question 3 of 5
A client with cancer has diarrhea and a nursing diagnosis of Impaired skin integrity related to the frequent diarrhea. Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cleaning with unscented soap and water, rinsing, and patting dry after each bowel movement prevents skin breakdown and maintains integrity in clients with diarrhea.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is monitoring a client after an above-the-knee amputation and notes that blood has saturated through the client and the dressing. The nurse should immediately:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood saturating the dressing post-amputation suggests significant bleeding, a potential emergency. The nurse should immediately call the physician for evaluation and intervention. Applying a tourniquet is extreme and requires an order, assessing vital signs is secondary, and elevating with a pillow may not address the bleeding source.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse has an order to administer 2 oz of lactulose (Cephulac) to a client who has cirrhosis. How many milliliters of lactulose should the nurse administer?
Correct Answer: 60 mL
Rationale: 2 oz = 60 mL (1 oz = 30 mL). Thus, the nurse should administer 60 mL of lactulose.