NCLEX-RN
NCLEX RN Predictor Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A 47-year-old male client is admitted for colon surgery. Intravenous antibiotics are begun 2 hours prior to surgery. He has no known infection. The rationale for giving antibiotics prior to surgery is to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cathartic drugs promote evacuation of intestinal contents. The client undergoing intestinal surgery is at increased risk for infection from large numbers of anaerobic bacteria that inhabit the intestines. Administering antibiotics prophylactically can reduce the client's risk for infection. Antibiotics are indicated in the treatment of infections and have no effect on emotions. Antipyretics are useful in the treatment of elevated temperatures. Antibiotics would have an effect on infection, which causes temperature elevation, but would not directly affect such an elevation.
Question 2 of 5
A newborn has been delivered with a meningomyelocele. The nursery nurse should position the newborn:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The prone position reduces pressure and tension on the sac. Primary nursing goals are to prevent trauma and infection of the sac.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following would have the physiological effect of decreasing intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypercapnia and hypoventilation cause retention of CO2, which increases ICP. Decreasing PaCO2 through hyperventilation reduces vasodilation, thereby decreasing ICP. Increased core body temperature, decreased serum osmolality, and hypo-osmolar fluids would increase ICP.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected preeclampsia. Which finding is most indicative of this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proteinuria is a hallmark of preeclampsia, reflecting renal involvement due to endothelial damage. Hypertension (not hypotension), weight gain, and oliguria (not polyuria) are also common.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client with a history of type 1 diabetes about sick day management. The nurse should tell the client to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent blood glucose monitoring during illness prevents hypo- or hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes.