HESI RN
HESI RN Med Surg Questions
Extract:
Patient Data History and Physical
Laboratory Results
The client is a 58-year-old male who wants to be screened for diabetes mellitus. The client has a sister who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has a history of depression, which is treated with paroxetine 10 mg PO every day. The client also discloses that he occasionally takes cannabis in edible form. He denies smoking or drinking. He works in a chemical factory where he is occasionally exposed to fumes. The client's body mass index (BMI) is 28 kg/m3. Nurse Notes Discussed the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet with the client and gave examples of appropriate portion sizes.
Question 1 of 5
What item(s) should be included in the treatment regimen for this client? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,C,G
Rationale: For a client with prediabetes, exercise planning, weight reduction, and nutrition education improve insulin sensitivity and reduce diabetes risk, unlike insulin or extra carbohydrates which are not indicated.
Extract:
History and Physical
Nurses’ Notes
Flow sheet
Orders
Imaging Studies
A 19-year-old female client presents to the emergency department reporting tightness in her chest and difficulty breathing. The client's friend, who accompanied the client to the emergency department, reports she was at a park playing soccer with a group of college friends when the symptoms started. The park is close to a residential area where a fire was burning and there was a moderate breeze in the air. The client reported itching eyes and coughing. Approximately 15 minutes into the game, the client stopped running and held her hand on her chest, saying it felt tight. The client had difficulty catching her breath.
Home Medications
Albuterol/ipratropium every 4 hours by inhaler PRN for shortness of breath, last dose 2 days ago
Fluticasone/vilanterol 100/25 mcg inhaled daily, last dose 3 days ago
Ibuprofen 600 mg PO PRN for pain, last dose this morning for headache
Question 2 of 5
What finding(s) are cues for a respiratory problem? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E,F,G
Rationale: Sitting upright, chest tightness, tachypnea, restlessness, dyspnea, and low pulse oxygenation (85%) are direct indicators of respiratory distress, unlike medication compliance which is not a symptom.
Extract:
History and Physical
The client is a 58-year-old male who wants to be screened for diabetes mellitus. The client has a sister who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has a history of depression, which is treated with paroxetine 10 mg PO every day. The client also discloses that he occasionally takes cannabis in edible form. He denies smoking or drinking. He works in a chemical factory where he is occasionally exposed to fumes. The client's body mass index (BMI) is 28 kg/m3
Question 3 of 5
What other nutritional recommendation(s) would be helpful for this client in reducing risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,F
Rationale: Eliminating sugary beverages, increasing fiber, and minimizing refined grains reduce blood sugar spikes and improve insulin sensitivity, key for prediabetes management, unlike cinnamon or no-fat diets.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
Click to mark whether the client statement indicates understanding or no understanding of the education given.
| Options | Understanding | No understanding |
|---|---|---|
| Making these changes will also help me avoid other chronic health conditions. (Understanding) | ||
| If I have symptoms like increased thirst and urination, I should come in and get my blood sugar checked. (Understanding) | ||
| If my fasting blood sugar is less than 100 mg/dL (5.6 mmol/L) next time, I can go back to my usual eating habits. (No understanding) | ||
| I can never eat sugar again. (No understanding) | ||
| If I make the changes we talked about, I will not get type 2 diabetes. (No understanding) | ||
| Understanding: A,B; No understanding: C,D,E |
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Understanding statements reflect benefits of lifestyle changes and symptom monitoring. Misunderstandings include assuming normal glucose allows poor habits, banning all sugar, or believing changes eliminate diabetes risk entirely.
Extract:
Nurse Notes
Laboratory Results
The client is a 58-year-old male who wants to be screened for diabetes mellitus. The client has a sister who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has a history of depression, which is treated with paroxetine 10 mg PO every day. The client also discloses that he occasionally takes cannabis in edible form. He denies smoking or drinking. He works in a chemical factory where he is occasionally exposed to fumes. The client's body mass index (BMI) is 28 kg/m3.
Question 5 of 5
Based on the laboratory data, the client has diabetes mellitusprediabeteshypoglycemiagestational diabetes related to fatty liver diseaseimpaired glucose tolerancetolerance occupational exposurelack of insulin production.
| prediabetes |
| impaired glucose tolerance |
| lack of insulin production |
| hypoglycemia |
| gestational diabetes |
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Prediabetes and impaired glucose tolerance are indicated by elevated but sub-diabetic glucose levels, reflecting insulin resistance, unlike hypoglycemia or gestational diabetes which do not fit the client's profile.