HESI RN
HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is planning to administer sucralfate to a client with peptic ulcer disease. Which action should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over ulcers and is most effective when taken on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, to adhere to the ulcer site. Once-daily dosing is incorrect, as it’s typically given four times daily. Sucralfate doesn’t cause significant electrolyte imbalances or Candida infections.
Question 2 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is receiving calcium acetate 667 mg PO. A decrease in which blood value indicates to the nurse that the medication is having the desired effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium acetate binds dietary phosphate in the gut, reducing serum phosphate levels in CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia, indicating effectiveness. It doesn’t directly affect pH, calcium, or potassium levels.
Question 3 of 5
During a home visit, a client informs the nurse about feeling like the heart is skipping beats. When reviewing the client's record, the nurse notes that the client is taking hydrochlorothiazide. Based on these assessment data, the nurse plans to obtain a blood sample to check for which condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, increases potassium excretion, potentially causing hypokalemia, which can manifest as palpitations or irregular heartbeats. Hyponatremia is possible but less directly linked to this symptom. Hyperphosphatemia and hypermagnesemia are not typical side effects.
Question 4 of 5
A client is receiving IV vancomycin and the nurse plans to draw blood for a peak and trough to determine the serum level of the medication. Which collection times provide the best determination of these levels?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vancomycin trough levels are measured 30 minutes before the next dose to assess the lowest concentration, ensuring therapeutic levels. Peak levels, though less commonly monitored, are taken immediately after infusion to capture the highest concentration. Other timings are less accurate for these purposes.
Question 5 of 5
A client is using the nasal spray hormone calcitonin to reduce bone loss from osteoporosis. To reduce rhinitis associated with administration of the nasal spray, the nurse should provide the client with which instruction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alternating nostrils daily reduces local irritation and rhinitis from calcitonin nasal spray, allowing each nostril recovery time. Lying down doesn’t directly reduce rhinitis, and NSAIDs or antihistamines are not standard for managing this side effect.