HESI RN
HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer warfarin sodium 10 mg PO to a client whose international normalized ratio (INR) is 5.0. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An INR of 5.0 indicates excessive anticoagulation, increasing bleeding risk. Withholding warfarin for 24 hours and consulting the provider is appropriate. Administering, discontinuing, or retesting immediately are less prioritized.
Question 2 of 5
Prior to administration of the initial dose of the gastrointestinal (GI) agent misoprostol, which information should the nurse obtain from the patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Misoprostol can induce uterine contractions and miscarriage, making pregnancy a critical contraindication to assess before administration. Antiemetic use, aspirin allergy, and glaucoma history are less directly relevant.
Question 3 of 5
To detect common untoward effects of phenytoin, the nurse should assess a client with a seizure disorder for which sign or symptom?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenytoin commonly causes gingival hyperplasia, requiring oral hygiene monitoring. Hypertension, edema, and hematuria are not typical side effects.
Question 4 of 5
The healthcare provider prescribes the anticoagulant heparin for a client with a pulmonary embolism. Before initiating the medication, the nurse should ensure that which drug is readily available in case of heparin overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine sulfate reverses heparin’s anticoagulant effects in overdose. Warfarin and vitamin K are for other anticoagulants, and diphenhydramine is unrelated.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in the patient's plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, risks hyperkalemia. Limiting potassium-rich foods is essential. Photosensitivity, salt substitutes (often potassium-based), and bruising are less relevant.