HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
How are Type IV hypersensitivity reactions different from all other types (I, II, or III) of hypersensitivity reactions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type IV hypersensitivity is T-cell mediated, unlike types I-III, which are antibody-mediated (
A). B-lymphocytes (
B) produce antibodies for I-III, not IV. Type IV requires sensitization, not first exposure (
C). Cytokine release (
D) occurs in IV but isn’t unique.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for an older client who is on complete bed rest. The nurse notes hematuria when the client suddenly reports excruciating pain that radiates from the back to the groin. Which pathological process has contributed to the client’s clinical presentation of a possible renal calculi?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased calcium reabsorption (
C) causes hypercalciuria, promoting calcium stone formation, leading to pain and hematuria. Excessive urine output (
A) or fluid intake (
B) prevents stones. Serum alkalinity (
D) affects uric acid stones, not calcium.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 36. Leukemia-induced thrombocytopenia (
B) causes bruising by delaying clotting. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) is unrelated. Phagocytic deficiency (
C) affects infections. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia.
Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), flank pain, and hematuria. The client’s blood pressure is 180/100 mm Hg. Which pathophysiological process supports the client’s blood pressure finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PKD activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (
B), increasing blood pressure via vasoconstriction and fluid retention. Fluid deficit (
A) causes hypotension. Bladder inflammation (
C) is unrelated. Mineral precipitation (
D) causes stones, not hypertension.
Question 5 of 5
Following a motor vehicle collision, an adult client is brought to the emergency department with a blood pressure of 72/50 mm Hg and a blood volume loss of approximately 40%. The nurse should plan care for this client based on which expected response to hemorrhaging?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemorrhage reduces blood volume, decreasing preload (
C), which lowers cardiac output and causes hypotension. Increased preload (
A) occurs in fluid overload. Hypotension triggers tachycardia, not reduced heart rate (
B). Peripheral resistance (
D) increases but is secondary.