HESI RN
HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is administering the angiotensin II receptor antagonist valsartan. Which physiological response causes its therapeutic effect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Valsartan blocks angiotensin II, causing vasodilation to lower blood pressure. It doesn’t affect heart rate (chronotropic), cause diuresis, or act sympatholytically.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient who is receiving metoprolol 2 days after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Which physiological action of metoprolol supports the desired or therapeutic response?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, reduces heart rate and blood pressure, decreasing afterload to lower cardiac workload post-ACS. It reduces contractility, doesn’t increase preload, and increases filling time.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is planning to administer sucralfate to a client with peptic ulcer disease. Which action should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over ulcers and is most effective when taken on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, to adhere to the ulcer site. Once-daily dosing is incorrect, as it’s typically given four times daily. Sucralfate doesn’t cause significant electrolyte imbalances or Candida infections.
Question 4 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is receiving calcium acetate 667 mg PO. A decrease in which blood value indicates to the nurse that the medication is having the desired effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium acetate binds dietary phosphate in the gut, reducing serum phosphate levels in CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia, indicating effectiveness. It doesn’t directly affect pH, calcium, or potassium levels.
Question 5 of 5
During a home visit, a client informs the nurse about feeling like the heart is skipping beats. When reviewing the client's record, the nurse notes that the client is taking hydrochlorothiazide. Based on these assessment data, the nurse plans to obtain a blood sample to check for which condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, increases potassium excretion, potentially causing hypokalemia, which can manifest as palpitations or irregular heartbeats. Hyponatremia is possible but less directly linked to this symptom. Hyperphosphatemia and hypermagnesemia are not typical side effects.