HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client’s morning laboratory test results include hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL (110 g/L) and hematocrit 34% (0.34 volume fraction). Based on these findings, this client is at risk for which pathophysiological findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit (11.0 g/dL, 34%) indicate mild anemia, causing fatigue and weakness (
A) from reduced oxygen delivery. Dysrhythmias (
B) occur in severe anemia. Fever/infection (
C) are unrelated. Clotting time (
D) is unaffected by anemia.
Question 2 of 5
An adult client with extreme fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which laboratory findings is this client likely to exhibit?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothyroidism involves decreased T3 and T4 with increased TSH (
C) as the pituitary compensates for low thyroid hormone. Increased T3/T4 with low TSH (
A) indicates hyperthyroidism. Increased T3/TSH (
B) is inconsistent. Decreased TSH/T3/T4 (
D) suggests secondary hypothyroidism.
Question 3 of 5
After brain surgery, a male client is lethargic and is having difficulty talking. His blood pressure is 146/122 mm Hg and his urine specific gravity is 1.055. These findings are consistent with which pathophysiological response to intracranial surgery?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH (
B) causes water retention, concentrated urine (high specific gravity, 1.055), and hyponatremia, leading to lethargy, speech difficulty, and hypertension from cerebral edema. ADH hyposecretion (
A) causes dilute urine. Hypopituitarism (
C) affects multiple hormones. Septic shock (
D) involves hypotension.
Question 4 of 5
Which physiological process supports the exchange of blood concentrations across a semipermeable membrane in the hemodialysis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hemodialysis uses osmosis (water moves to higher solute concentration) and diffusion (solutes move to lower concentration) (
D) across a semipermeable membrane to remove waste/fluid. Solute movement to higher concentration (
A) is incorrect. Water movement (
B) is partial. Blood cells/proteins (
C) don’t pass the membrane.
Question 5 of 5
A client who has asthma (a reactive airway disease) asks the nurse about the role of leukotrienes in this process. Leukotrienes have which immune response?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction and mucus production (
B) in asthma, worsening airway obstruction. Itching (
A) is histamine-mediated. Bradykinin (
C) is unrelated to leukotrienes. Leukotrienes act via receptors, not as antigen receptors (
D).