HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client’s ankle is edematous after an ankle sprain. Which physiological mechanism is responsible for the swelling?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Histamine release post-sprain increases vascular permeability, causing fluid transudation and edema (
A). Bradykinin (
B) contributes to pain, not primarily edema. Thromboxane A (
C) promotes vasoconstriction. Neutrophil migration (
D) aids inflammation but isn’t the main edema cause.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is preparing a female client with Addison’s disease for self-care afi.4 discharge. Which is the pathophysiological basis to support the need for the client to carry a cortisol kit at all times?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Addison’s disease causes cortisol deficiency; stress increases cortisol demand, risking adrenal crisis (
D). A cortisol kit prevents this. Allergic reactions (
A) require antihistamines/epinephrine. Hypertensive crisis (
B) is unrelated. Cortisol raises, not lowers, glucose (
C).
Question 3 of 5
After the nurse obtains a blood sample from a client’s right radial arterial client reports a sudden onset of pain at the arterial line insertion site. The nurse recognizes which physiological effect may be inducing the sudden pain?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vasospasm (
B) at the arterial line site causes sudden pain by constricting vessels, reducing blood flow. Elevated BP (
A) causes generalized symptoms. A clot (
C) may cause ischemia but is less immediate. Air lock (
D) affects monitoring, not pain.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse assesses the wound of a client who received sutures for a laceration of the hand two days ago. Which finding is a normal inflammatory response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Redness and localized heat (
D) are normal inflammatory responses, indicating increased blood flow and immune activity. Shivering (
A) suggests systemic issues. Purulent drainage (
B) indicates infection. A temperature of 102°F (38.9°C, corrected from 37.8°
C) (
C) suggests infection, not normal healing.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is triaging a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who presented to the emergency department with increased lethargy and Kussmaul respirations. A blood glucose test reveals a level of 525 mg/dL (28 mmol/L). Which laboratory results are consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DKA involves metabolic acidosis; pH 7.25 and bicarbonate 10 mEq/L (
C) indicate acidosis and bicarbonate depletion. pH 7.5 and bicarbonate 32 (
A) suggest alkalosis. pH 7.42 and bicarbonate 18 (
B) are near normal. pH 7.38 and bicarbonate 29 (
D) are normal.