A client reports a 2day history of fever, vomiting

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Question 1 of 5

A client reports a 2-day history of fever, vomiting, and diarrhea. The healthcare provider prescribes serum electrolyte levels to be obtained. Which laboratory results should the nurse expect?

A. Serum potassium 5.0 me/L (5.0 mmol/L), serum sodium 138 me/L (138 mmol/L). B. Serum potassium 4.5 me/L (4.5 mmol/L), serum sodium 140 me/L (140 mmol/L). C. Serum potassium 3.5 me/L (3.5 mmol/L), serum sodium 142 me/L (142 mmol/L). D. Serum potassium 3.0 me/L (3.0 mmol/L), serum sodium 149 me/L (149 mmol/L). G. D

Correct Answer: Serum potassium of 3.0 me/L and sodium of 149 me/L indicate hypokalaemia and hypernatremia, expected with dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea.

Rationale:

Question 2 of 5

The nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of diet teaching about the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan. Which behaviour indicates that the client is adhering to the eating plan?

A. No longer includes grains in daily diet. B. Enjoys fat-free yogurt as an occasional snack food. C. Uses only lactose-free dairy products. D. Carefully cleans and peels all fresh fruit and vegetables. G. B

Correct Answer: Enjoying fat-free yogurt aligns with the DASH diet's emphasis on low-fat dairy products.

Rationale:

Question 3 of 5

The nurse is teaching the client about incentive spirometry in the preoperative unit. Which statement regarding incentive spirometry should the nurse include with preoperative teaching?

A. Failure to keep your lungs working may result in pneumonia after surgery which could, in turn, result in death. B. Incentive spirometry is conducted routinely after surgery and will be demonstrated when you return from surgery. C. You will use the incentive spirometer for the first postoperative day until deep breathing and coughing can be done comfortably. D. Deep breathing exercises are encouraged to maintain lung capacity and to strengthen respiratory muscles, which will help prevent complications. G. D

Correct Answer: This statement explains the purpose and benefits of deep breathing exercises, providing a clear rationale for the intervention.

Rationale:

Question 4 of 5

The nurse reviews discharge instructions with a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which instruction is most important for the nurse to emphasize?

A. Minimize intake of spicy foods. B. Begin a smoking cessation program. C. Avoid wearing tight-fitting clothes. D. Remain upright following meals. G. D

Correct Answer: Remaining upright following meals is crucial to prevent stomach contents from flowing back into the oesophagus.

Rationale:

Question 5 of 5

In planning care for a client with chronic ulcerative colitis, which long-term goal is most important for the nurse to include?

A. Effectively manage pain, discomfort, and diarrhea. B. Ensure careful fluid and electrolyte balance. C. Reduce number and severity of acute exacerbations. D. Maintain a diet that is high in fibber content. G. C

Correct Answer: Reducing the number and severity of acute exacerbations is the most important long-term goal to maintain remission and prevent complications.

Rationale:

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HESI RN Med Surg Exam 3 Questions

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