HESI Medical Surgical Practice Quiz

Question 1 of 5

The patient will take a high dose of azithromycin after discharge from the hospital. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?

A. I may take antacids 2 hours before taking this drug. B. I should take acetaminophen for fever or mild pain. C. I should expect diarrhea to be a common, mild side effect. D. I should avoid dairy products while taking this drug.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Azithromycin peak levels may be reduced by antacids when taken at the same time, so patients should be cautioned to take antacids 2 hours before or 2 hours after taking the drug.
Choice B is incorrect because high-dose azithromycin carries a risk for hepatotoxicity when taken with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs such as acetaminophen.
Choice C is incorrect as diarrhea may indicate pseudomembranous colitis and should be reported, not expected as a common mild side effect.
Choice D is incorrect; there is no restriction for dairy products while taking azithromycin.

Question 2 of 5

A healthcare professional reviews a client's laboratory results. Which results from the client's urinalysis should the healthcare professional identify as normal? (Select all that apply.)

A. pH: 6 B. Specific gravity: 1.015 C. Glucose: negative D. All of the above

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a urinalysis, a pH of 6 is within the normal range (typically between 4.6 and 8); a specific gravity of 1.015 is considered normal (usually ranging between 1.005 to 1.030); and a negative glucose result is also normal.
Therefore, choices A, B, and C are correct as they fall within the normal values for a urinalysis.

Choices A, B, and C are the correct answers, as the pH, specific gravity, and glucose levels are within the normal range for a urinalysis.
Choice D is correct because all the listed values are normal.

Choices A, B, and C are the correct options as they meet the criteria for normal urinalysis values. The other choices do not fall within the normal range for a urinalysis.

Question 3 of 5

A client's baseline vital signs are temperature 98°F oral, pulse 74 beats/min, respiratory rate 18 breaths/min, and blood pressure 124/76 mm Hg. The client suddenly spikes a fever to 103°F. Which of the following respiratory rates would the nurse anticipate as part of the body's response to the change in client status?

A. 12 breaths/min B. 16 breaths/min C. 18 breaths/min D. 22 breaths/min

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When a client experiences a fever, there is an increase in body temperature, leading to a higher metabolic rate and oxygen demand. As a result, the respiratory rate typically increases to meet the body's increased oxygen needs.
Therefore, in response to the fever spike from 98°F to 103°F, the nurse would anticipate a higher respiratory rate.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a decrease in body temperature, not an increase as seen in fever, would lead to a decrease in respiratory rate to conserve energy and oxygen consumption.

Question 4 of 5

Blood for arterial blood gas determinations is drawn from a client with pneumonia, and testing reveals a pH of 7.45, PCO2 of 30 mm Hg, and HCO3 of 19 mEq/L. The nurse interprets these results as indicative of:

A. Compensated metabolic acidosis B. Compensated respiratory alkalosis C. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis D. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Compensated respiratory alkalosis.' In this case, the client's pH is within the normal range (7.35-7.45), indicating compensation. The low PCO2 (30 mm Hg) suggests respiratory alkalosis, while the low HCO3 (19 mEq/L) is also consistent with a compensatory response.
Therefore, the client has a primary respiratory alkalosis that is being compensated for by metabolic acidosis.

Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not fit the pattern of the given blood gas values, which indicate respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation.

Question 5 of 5

A nurse reviews the laboratory findings of a client with a urinary tract infection. The laboratory report notes a "shift to the left" in the client's white blood cell count. Which action should the nurse take?

A. Request that the laboratory perform a differential analysis on the white blood cells. B. Notify the provider and start an intravenous line for parenteral antibiotics. C. Collaborate with the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to strain the client's urine for renal calculi. D. Assess the client for a potential allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A "shift to the left" in a white blood cell count indicates an increase in band cells, which is typically associated with urosepsis. In this scenario, the nurse should notify the provider and initiate IV antibiotics as a left shift is often seen in severe infections like urosepsis. Requesting a differential analysis on white blood cells would not be the immediate action needed in response to a left shift. Collaborating to strain urine for renal calculi is unrelated to the situation of a left shift in white blood cells due to urosepsis. Assessing for allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock is not the priority as a left shift is not indicative of an allergic response; it is associated with an increase in band cells, not eosinophils.

Nurselytic

HESI RN

HESI RN