HESI RN
HESI Nutrition Practice Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client with congestive heart failure has been educated about proper nutrition. The selection of which lunch indicates the client has learned about sodium restriction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sliced turkey sandwich and canned pineapple. This lunch choice is suitable for a client with congestive heart failure as it is low in sodium. Sliced turkey is a lean protein choice, and canned pineapple is a low-sodium fruit option.
Choice A contains high-sodium items like cheese and 2% milk.
Choice C includes a cheeseburger, which is typically high in sodium, and a baked potato could also be high in sodium depending on preparation.
Choice D consists of mushroom pizza and ice cream, both of which can be high in sodium, especially in processed or restaurant-prepared forms.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is contributing to the plan of care of a client who has had a stroke. The client is experiencing severe dysphagia with choking and coughing while eating. Which of the following nutritional therapies should the nurse expect to include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Mechanical soft diet. A mechanical soft diet is appropriate for clients with severe dysphagia as it helps reduce the risk of choking and aspiration by providing food that is easier to swallow.
Choice A, NPO until dysphagia subsides, may be necessary initially but is not a long-term solution.
Choice B, supplements via NG tube, may be considered if the client is unable to meet their nutritional needs orally, but it does not address the texture modification needed for dysphagia.
Choice C, initiation of total parenteral nutrition, is typically reserved for clients who cannot tolerate any oral intake and is not the first-line option for dysphagia management.
Question 3 of 5
A newly admitted adult client has a diagnosis of hepatitis A. The charge nurse should reinforce to the staff members that the most significant routine infection control strategy, in addition to hand washing, to be implemented is which of these?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to have gloves on while handling bedpans with feces. Hepatitis A is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, and using gloves during such direct contact with feces is crucial in preventing the transmission of the infection.
Choice A is not directly related to infection control for hepatitis A.
Choice B is more relevant to preventing droplet transmission rather than fecal-oral transmission.
Choice C is important for preventing contact transmission from soiled linens but is not as directly related to the mode of transmission of hepatitis A as using gloves when handling feces.
Question 4 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 350 mg/dL. Which of these actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering insulin as ordered is the priority action when a client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 350 mg/dL. Insulin helps to lower the high blood glucose level and prevent complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Encouraging the client to drink fluids may be beneficial but does not address the immediate need to lower the blood glucose level. Notifying the healthcare provider and rechecking the blood glucose level can be important steps but should come after administering insulin to address the high glucose level promptly.
Question 5 of 5
When assessing constipation in elders, which action should be the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to obtain a health and dietary history when assessing constipation in elders. This action is crucial as it helps the nurse identify potential causes and contributing factors to constipation in elderly clients. Obtaining a complete blood count (choice
A) may be necessary at some point, but it is not the priority in this situation. Referring to a provider for a physical examination (choice
C) and measuring height and weight (choice
D) are important but are not the priority actions when assessing constipation.