HESI RN
Leadership and Management HESI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to check the client's blood glucose level. This is the priority action to confirm hypoglycemia before implementing further interventions. Administering glucagon (
Choice
A) may be necessary in severe cases of hypoglycemia, but confirming the low blood glucose level is crucial before administering any treatment. Giving the client a snack (
Choice
C) can help raise blood sugar levels but should come after confirming the hypoglycemia. Notifying the healthcare provider (
Choice
D) is important, but the immediate priority is to assess and address the hypoglycemia.
Question 2 of 5
A male client with a tentative diagnosis of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) has a history of type 2 diabetes that is being controlled with an oral diabetic agent, tolazamide (Tolinase). Which of the following is the most important laboratory test for confirming this disorder?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Serum osmolarity is the most important laboratory test for confirming hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). HHNS is characterized by severe hyperglycemia and dehydration without ketoacidosis. Elevated serum osmolarity indicates increased solute concentration in the blood, which is a hallmark of HHNS. Serum potassium level (
Choice
A) is important in conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis rather than HHNS. Serum sodium level (
Choice
B) may be affected in HHNS but is not the primary test for confirming the disorder. Arterial blood gas (ABG) values (
Choice
C) are more useful in assessing acid-base status, which is not the primary concern in HHNS.
Question 3 of 5
A male client with primary diabetes insipidus is ready for discharge on desmopressin (DDAVP). Which instruction should nurse Lina provide?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction is choice C: 'You may not be able to use desmopressin nasally if you have nasal discharge or blockage.' Nasal congestion or blockage can interfere with the absorption of nasally administered desmopressin.
Choices A, B, and D are incorrect.
Choice A is unnecessary as the temperature of the suspension does not impact desmopressin administration.
Choice B is incorrect as wearing a medical identification bracelet is essential for individuals with diabetes insipidus to alert healthcare providers in case of emergencies.
Choice D is incorrect as monitoring fluid intake and output is crucial when taking desmopressin to ensure proper hydration and medication effectiveness.
Question 4 of 5
The client has hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following lab findings is consistent with this condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperparathyroidism leads to increased secretion of parathyroid hormone, which results in elevated calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia).
Therefore, the correct lab finding consistent with hyperparathyroidism is hypercalcemia (
Choice
B). Hypocalcemia (
Choice
A) is not indicative of hyperparathyroidism as the condition is associated with high calcium levels. Hypokalemia (
Choice
C) is a low potassium level, which is not typically associated with hyperparathyroidism. Hyperphosphatemia (
Choice
D) refers to high phosphate levels and is not a characteristic finding in hyperparathyroidism.
Question 5 of 5
Nurse Ruth is assessing a client after a thyroidectomy. The assessment reveals muscle twitching and tingling, along with numbness in the fingers, toes, and mouth area. The nurse should suspect which complication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Tetany.' Tetany is characterized by muscle twitching, tingling, and numbness, which are indicative of hypocalcemia. After a thyroidectomy, accidental removal or damage to the parathyroid glands can lead to decreased calcium levels, resulting in tetany.
Choice B, 'Hemorrhage,' is incorrect as it typically presents with symptoms such as sudden swelling, increased pain, or drop in blood pressure.
Choice C, 'Thyroid storm,' is incorrect as it involves a sudden exacerbation of hyperthyroidism, leading to symptoms like fever, tachycardia, and confusion.
Choice D, 'Laryngeal nerve damage,' is incorrect as it would manifest with voice changes, difficulty swallowing, or respiratory distress, not the symptoms described in the scenario.