HESI RN
HESI Medical Surgical Assignment Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing to begin a medication regimen for a patient who will receive intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin. Which is an important nursing action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When administering intravenous aminoglycosides like gentamicin with penicillins such as ampicillin, it is crucial to avoid mixing them in the same container. Separate tubing sets labeled with the drug name and date should be used to prevent interactions between the medications. Administering each antibiotic over 15 to 20 minutes (
Choice
A) may not be appropriate for all medications and does not address the issue of compatibility. Ordering serum peak and trough levels of ampicillin (
Choice
B) is important for monitoring drug levels but does not directly address the administration process. Preparing a schedule to give drugs simultaneously (
Choice
C) may increase the risk of drug interactions and is not recommended when administering incompatible medications.
Question 2 of 5
After educating a client with hypertension secondary to renal disease, the nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Choice B is incorrect because the client should not restrict fluids during the day due to increased urination at night. Clients with renal disease may be prescribed fluid restrictions, and they should be thoroughly assessed for potential dehydration.
To decrease increased nocturnal voiding, clients should consume fluids earlier in the day.
Choices A, C, and D are correct statements. Managing blood pressure is crucial to slow the progression of renal dysfunction. Limiting protein intake is important in renal disease management, and clients should be referred to a dietitian as needed. Taking antihypertensive medications as directed is essential for blood pressure control.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a family history of polycystic kidney disease (PKD is being assessed by a nurse. For which clinical manifestations should the nurse assess? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clients with PKD commonly present with flank pain and increased abdominal girth due to abdominal distention caused by cysts. Bloody urine is also a common symptom due to tissue damage from PKD. Nocturia and dysuria are not typical manifestations of PKD. Constipation is not directly associated with PKD.
Therefore, the correct choices are flank pain and increased abdominal girth, making option D the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A client has an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio. Which action should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine ratio can indicate various conditions such as dehydration, urinary obstruction, catabolism, or a high-protein diet. The initial action the nurse should take is to assess the client's dietary habits to determine if the elevated ratio is related to diet. Inquiring about the use of NSAIDs is important as they can impact kidney function, but dietary causes should be ruled out first. Holding metformin or contacting the health care provider without assessing the dietary habits would be premature actions as they may not address the underlying cause of the elevated BUN/creatinine ratio.
Question 5 of 5
After teaching a client with early polycystic kidney disease (PKD) about nutritional therapy, the nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Choice B is the correct answer. Clients with PKD often experience constipation, which can be managed by increasing their intake of dietary fiber and fluids. This helps promote bowel regularity. Laxatives should be used cautiously and not as a routine solution.
Choice A is incorrect as regular laxative use is not recommended.
Choice C is incorrect as a low-salt diet is typically advised for clients with PKD, not just limiting salt while cooking.
Choice D is incorrect as white bread is low in fiber and not beneficial for managing constipation, which is common in PKD.