HESI RN
HESI Medical Surgical Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
An adult who was recently diagnosed with glaucoma tells the nurse, 'it feels like I am driving through a tunnel.' The client expresses great concern about going blind. Which nursing instruction is most important for the nurse to provide this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Maintain prescribed eye drop regimen. In glaucoma, maintaining the prescribed eye drop regimen is crucial for controlling intraocular pressure, which helps in preventing vision loss. Consistent use of eye drops as directed can slow down the progression of the disease and preserve vision.
Choice B is incorrect because avoiding frequent eye pressure measurements does not address the primary treatment for glaucoma.
Choice C is incorrect as wearing prescription glasses may be helpful for vision correction but does not directly address the management of glaucoma.
Choice D is incorrect because while a diet high in carotene may promote overall eye health, it is not the most important instruction for managing glaucoma.
Question 2 of 5
What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heartburn. Heartburn is the most common symptom of GERD as it occurs due to the reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus. This leads to a burning sensation in the chest that can worsen after eating, lying down, or bending over.
Choice B, Nausea, is not typically the most common symptom of GERD, although it can occur in some cases.
Choice C, Abdominal pain, is not a primary symptom of GERD and is more commonly associated with other gastrointestinal conditions.
Choice D, Vomiting, is also not the most common symptom of GERD, although it can occur in severe cases or as a result of complications.
Question 3 of 5
The healthcare professional assesses a client with petechiae and ecchymosis scattered across the arms and legs. Which laboratory results should the healthcare professional review?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The platelet count is the most appropriate laboratory result to review in a client presenting with petechiae and ecchymosis. Petechiae and ecchymosis are indicative of potential bleeding issues, which can be caused by low platelet count or impaired platelet function. Platelets are essential for clotting, and a low platelet count can lead to bleeding disorders. Reviewing the platelet count will provide valuable information about the client's clotting ability.
Choice A, red blood cell count, is not typically associated with petechiae and ecchymosis. Hemoglobin levels (
Choice
C) are more related to anemia than bleeding disorders like thrombocytopenia. White blood cell count (
Choice
D) is not directly linked to the presence of petechiae and ecchymosis, which are more specific to platelet-related issues.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The nurse should notify the physician of which of the following findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cloudy dialysate outflow is an indication of peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis that requires immediate medical attention. Clear dialysate outflow is a normal finding indicating proper dialysis function and should not raise concern. Decreased urine output may be expected in a client undergoing dialysis due to the removal of excess fluids from the body. Increased blood pressure is a common complication in clients with kidney disease but is not directly related to cloudy dialysate outflow.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic liver disease?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis C infection is a common cause of chronic liver disease due to its long-term effects on the liver. Hepatitis C can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Alcohol abuse can also cause liver damage, but hepatitis C infection is specifically known for its chronic impact on liver health. Obesity and smoking, while detrimental to overall health, are not typically direct causes of chronic liver disease like hepatitis C infection.