Which one of the following statements is NOT true about menstruation?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The statement that menstrual flow has non-clotting blood is incorrect because menstrual blood can indeed clot. Choices A, B, and C are all true statements about menstruation. Choice A reflects the average amount of menstrual flow, choice B describes the components of menstrual flow, and choice C correctly identifies the ovarian hormones that influence the menstrual cycle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rectum. The rectum is located posterior to the vagina in the pelvic cavity. The Pouch of Douglas (choice A) is a peritoneal pouch located between the rectum and the uterus. The perineal body (choice C) is a fibrous structure located between the vagina and the anus. Structures of the vulva (choice D) are external genital structures surrounding the vaginal opening, not posterior to the vagina.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cornua. The cornua refers to the upper, horn-like parts of the uterus where the fallopian tubes are inserted. The fundus (choice A) is the rounded top portion of the uterus, the corpus or body (choice B) is the main part of the uterus excluding the cervix and fundus, and the cavity (choice C) refers to the internal space within the uterus. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not specifically denote the area where the fallopian tubes are inserted.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During the menstrual cycle, luteinizing hormone maintains the corpus luteum. The correct answer is A. Luteinizing hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone. Choice B, Follicle-stimulating hormone, is involved in stimulating the growth of follicles in the ovaries. Choice C, Progesterone, is produced by the corpus luteum and plays a role in preparing the endometrium for implantation. Choice D, Relaxin, is involved in processes such as softening the cervix and ligaments during pregnancy, but it is not responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ovulation. The Graafian follicle ruptures during the ovulation phase, releasing the mature egg from the ovary. This process marks the midpoint of the menstrual cycle. Choice A, Regenerative, is incorrect as it does not correspond to a specific phase of the menstrual cycle. Choice B, Menstruation, is incorrect because menstruation is the shedding of the uterine lining and occurs after ovulation if fertilization does not occur. Choice D, Proliferative, is incorrect as it refers to the phase in which the uterine lining thickens in preparation for a potential embryo implantation, which happens after ovulation.