Which of the following herbal therapies would be prescribed for its use as an antispasmodic? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the properties of herbal therapies is crucial for safe and effective patient care. In this question, the correct answer is D) Chamomile, which is known for its antispasmodic properties. Chamomile contains compounds that help relax smooth muscle tissue, making it a suitable choice for conditions involving spasms or cramps. A) Aloe is commonly used for its wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties, not specifically as an antispasmodic. B) Kava is primarily known for its anxiolytic and sedative effects, rather than its antispasmodic properties. C) Ginger is often utilized for its anti-nausea, anti-inflammatory, and digestive benefits, rather than as an antispasmodic. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding the specific therapeutic properties of herbal remedies to match them effectively with patient symptoms. It reinforces the need for healthcare providers to have a comprehensive knowledge of herbal pharmacology to make informed decisions in patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The normal serum calcium level ranges from 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. In hypercalcemia, as seen in this client, Calcitonin (Miacalcin) is used to decrease plasma calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are typically used for hypocalcemia, not hypercalcemia. Large doses of vitamin D should be avoided in hypercalcemia as they can exacerbate hypercalcemia by increasing calcium absorption from the intestines.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct action is to inform the client that local discomfort and burning are normal reactions to Mafenide acetate. This medication is used to treat burns by reducing bacteria in avascular tissues. Discontinuing the medication or applying a thinner film than prescribed is not necessary or recommended in this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Topical corticosteroids are medications that can be absorbed systemically, especially in areas where the skin is thinner or where there is increased blood flow. The axilla has thinner skin and increased blood flow compared to other body areas listed. As a result, applying the corticosteroid in the axilla can lead to increased systemic absorption, potentially causing systemic side effects like adrenal suppression or Cushing's syndrome. The back, soles of the feet, and palms of the hands have thicker skin and lower blood flow, making systemic absorption less likely in these areas. Therefore, monitoring for systemic effects is not as critical when the medication is applied to these body parts. In an educational context, understanding the factors influencing systemic absorption of medications is crucial for healthcare providers when prescribing or applying topical treatments. It helps them make informed decisions to minimize risks and maximize therapeutic benefits for their patients. This knowledge ensures safe and effective pharmacological interventions, enhancing patient care outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Bleomycin, when administered intravenously, can lead to interstitial pneumonitis and potentially progress to pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, pulmonary function studies are essential to monitor lung function and detect any early signs of pulmonary toxicity. Other tests, such as regular pulmonary assessments, should also be conducted to ensure the safety and well-being of the client.