When reviewing laboratory results for a client receiving tacrolimus (Prograf), which laboratory result would indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an adverse effect of the medication?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An elevated blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL indicates an adverse effect of tacrolimus. This finding suggests hyperglycemia, which is a known adverse effect of the medication. Other potential adverse effects of tacrolimus include neurotoxicity and hypertension. Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial to detect and manage this adverse effect promptly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option C) "If my vision becomes blurred, I don't need to be concerned about it." This statement indicates a need for further instructions because blurred vision can be a potential side effect of methocarbamol (Robaxin) and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately. Option A) "My urine may turn brown or green" is correct as methocarbamol can cause discoloration of urine, which is a common and expected side effect. Option B) "This medication is prescribed to help relieve my muscle spasms" is correct as it reflects the therapeutic purpose of methocarbamol. Option D) "I need to call my doctor if I experience nasal congestion from this medication" is incorrect as nasal congestion is not a common side effect of methocarbamol. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of educating patients about medication side effects and when to seek medical attention. It highlights the need for patients to be vigilant about monitoring their symptoms and reporting any unusual or concerning effects to their healthcare providers promptly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Colchicine is contraindicated in clients with severe gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, or cardiac disorders, or blood dyscrasias. Renal failure is a condition where the kidneys fail to function adequately, leading to the accumulation of toxins in the body. Since colchicine is contraindicated in clients with renal disorders, including renal failure, it could exacerbate the condition and worsen the client's health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of warfarin sodium (Coumadin) therapy, the correct food item to avoid is spinach (Option B). Spinach is rich in vitamin K, which can counteract the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Warfarin works by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, so consuming large amounts of vitamin K-rich foods like spinach can reduce the effectiveness of the medication. Grapes (Option A), watermelon (Option C), and cottage cheese (Option D) do not have significant interactions with warfarin and are generally considered safe to consume in moderation during warfarin therapy. It is important for clients on warfarin to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to help stabilize their anticojsonulation levels. This question is important in pharmacology education as it highlights the crucial role of dietary considerations in medication therapy, especially with warfarin which has a narrow therapeutic index. Educating clients on the importance of consistent vitamin K intake can help optimize the effectiveness of warfarin therapy and prevent potential complications such as blood clots or excessive bleeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and the use of lansoprazole (Prevacid), the correct question the nurse should ask to determine medication effectiveness is B) Are you experiencing any heartburn? Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers by reducing the production of stomach acid. Asking about heartburn is crucial because lansoprazole works by decreasing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, thereby alleviating symptoms like heartburn. If the medication is effective, the client should experience a reduction or absence of heartburn symptoms. The other options (A, C, D) are incorrect because they are not directly related to the expected therapeutic effect of lansoprazole. Increased appetite (option A) is not a typical indicator of the medication's effectiveness. Vision problems (option C) and leg pain when walking (option D) are not common side effects or indicators of effectiveness associated with lansoprazole. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of assessing the client's response to pharmacological interventions based on the expected therapeutic outcomes of the specific medication being administered. It reinforces the need for nurses to ask targeted questions that directly relate to the drug's mechanism of action and intended effects to evaluate treatment efficacy accurately.