When observing a distraught mother scolding her 3-year-old son for wetting his pants in the hallway of a pediatric unit, what initial action should the nurse take?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct initial action for the nurse to take is option B: Provide disposable training pants while calming the mother. This response is the most appropriate because it addresses the immediate need of the child who has wet his pants, while also acknowledging and empathizing with the mother's distress. Providing disposable training pants not only helps to manage the current situation effectively but also demonstrates a supportive and non-judgmental approach towards the child and the mother. By calming the mother, the nurse can help de-escalate the situation and open up a dialogue to understand the underlying reasons for the child's behavior. The other options are incorrect for various reasons: A) Suggesting a consultation with a pediatric nephrologist is not the most immediate or relevant action in this situation, as wetting pants at the age of 3 is a common developmental issue. C) Referring the mother to a parent education program may be beneficial in the long term but does not address the immediate needs of the child or the current distress of the mother. D) Informing the mother that toilet training is slower for boys may be true to some extent, but it does not offer a practical solution to the immediate issue at hand. In a pediatric nursing context, it is crucial to approach situations with sensitivity, empathy, and a focus on immediate needs. By providing practical support and reassurance to both the child and the parent, nurses can effectively address challenging situations and promote a positive healthcare experience for families.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In nephrotic syndrome treatment, decreased periorbital edema is a positive therapeutic response as it indicates a reduction in fluid retention. Periorbital edema is a common symptom of nephrotic syndrome due to fluid accumulation, so a decrease in this swelling signifies an improvement in the condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first step in developing a behavior modification program for an extremely aggressive 10-year-old boy is to identify what activities, foods, and toys the child enjoys. Understanding the child's motivations is crucial in creating an effective behavior modification plan tailored to his interests and preferences, which can help in positively reinforcing desired behaviors.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When administering ear drops to a child under three years old, it is essential to pull the earlobe down and back. This positioning helps straighten the external auditory canal, facilitating the proper administration of the ear drops. Pulling the earlobe down and back in young children aims to ensure that the medication reaches the intended area for optimal effectiveness.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The practical nurse should suggest playing peek-a-boo to the parents of a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation. Peek-a-boo is a suitable game for this age group as it helps develop visual tracking skills and the concept of object permanence. By covering and uncovering their face or a toy, the infant learns that things still exist even when they cannot be seen, promoting cognitive development and visual engagement.