When does threatened abortion occur?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Threatened abortion occurs when the patient experiences slight vaginal bleeding through an undilated cervix. This is characterized by bleeding without cervical dilation, distinguishing it from inevitable abortion (heavy bleeding and cervical dilation), incomplete abortion (severe cramping and heavy bleeding), and missed abortion (painless bleeding and an open cervix).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Respect in reproductive health care entails treating patients with politeness, compassion, and without judgment. Choice A is the correct answer as it aligns with the principles of respect and patient-centered care. It is essential to communicate respectfully, show compassion, and address patients' needs without passing judgment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Ensuring consent through a form is important but not the sole aspect of respect. Ignoring patient requests for privacy goes against patient rights, and disregarding patient concerns is contrary to providing comprehensive care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Progesterone hormone's role includes stimulating the development of the nipple and duct system in the breast. This hormone is crucial for preparing the breast for potential pregnancy by promoting the growth of structures necessary for milk production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because progesterone primarily focuses on preparing the breast for lactation rather than directly stimulating milk storage, relaxin secretion, or glandular tissue development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Endometrium. The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus where the fertilized egg implants and develops during pregnancy. Myometrium (Choice B) is the middle layer of the uterus consisting of muscle tissue. Perimetrium (Choice C) is the outer layer of the uterus. Glandular tissue (Choice D) is a broad term referring to tissue containing glands, but it does not specifically line the uterus.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, pethidine, also known as meperidine, is primarily used for pain relief, making option B the correct answer. Pethidine is a synthetic opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system to alleviate moderate to severe pain. It is commonly used in labor and delivery to manage pain during childbirth. Option A, relieving constriction ring, is incorrect as pethidine is not indicated for this purpose. Pethidine's main function is pain relief, not addressing anatomical issues like a constriction ring. Option C, affecting milk production, is also incorrect. Pethidine does not significantly impact milk production. Opioids like morphine can reduce milk production, but pethidine's primary role is pain management. Option D, inducing labor, is not the primary purpose of pethidine. While some opioids like oxytocin can induce labor, pethidine is not typically used for labor induction due to its effects on the newborn and the potential for respiratory depression in the infant. Understanding the specific pharmacological actions and indications of pethidine is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working in obstetrics and gynecology. By choosing the correct answer, healthcare providers can ensure safe and effective pain management for their patients during labor and delivery.