What is the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions from 591 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: To calculate the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions, you divide the number of deaths due to unsafe abortions by the total number of maternal deaths and then multiply by 100 to get the percentage. In this case, with 591 maternal deaths and 40% estimated to be due to unsafe abortions, the calculation is (591 * 0.4) / 100, which equals 2.36. Therefore, the estimated percentage of deaths due to unsafe abortions from 591 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births is 0.4 or 40%. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect percentages that do not reflect the provided information.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Vulvectomy is not a standard treatment for condylomata acuminata, which are genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Surgical removal of the vulva (vulvectomy) is an extreme measure and not typically indicated for treating this condition. Choices B, C, and D are valid treatments for condylomata acuminata. Podophyllin application, laser therapy, and electrocautery are commonly used to remove or destroy genital warts caused by HPV. These treatments aim to eliminate the visible warts and clear the infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Culdoscopy is a procedure that involves examining the rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera through the posterior vaginal wall. This approach allows direct visualization and access to the pelvic area. The other choices are incorrect because culdoscopy specifically involves entering through the posterior vaginal wall to reach the specified anatomical structures. The anterior vaginal wall, abdominal wall, and rectal wall are not the access points used in culdoscopy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and reproductive health, understanding the occurrence of missed abortion is crucial for healthcare providers. The correct answer is C) The cervix remains closed, and the products of conception remain in the uterus. This is because in missed abortion, the fetus dies but is not expelled from the uterus, leading to the cervix remaining closed and the products of conception being retained. Option A is incorrect because in missed abortion, the fetus is retained in utero along with the placenta and membranes, not expelled. Option B describes a complete abortion where all products of conception are expelled. Option D is characteristic of an incomplete abortion where there is heavy bleeding despite the cervix remaining closed. Educationally, understanding missed abortion is important for healthcare professionals to provide appropriate care and support to patients experiencing this complication. Pharmacologically, management may involve medications like misoprostol or surgical intervention depending on various factors. It is essential to differentiate missed abortion from other types of pregnancy loss to provide timely and effective interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Quality of care in reproductive health encompasses ensuring accessible services, privacy, confidentiality, and continuity of care. These elements are crucial in providing comprehensive and effective reproductive health services. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not adequately address the holistic approach required for quality reproductive health care. Providing services only in urban areas limits accessibility, mandating hospital deliveries may not be suitable for all women, and restricting services to doctors only disregards the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach in reproductive health care.