What is one of the roles of the oxytocin hormone?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Stimulates milk ejection.' Oxytocin is responsible for contracting the muscles around the milk ducts, pushing milk into the nipples for breastfeeding. This process is known as milk ejection or let-down. The other choices are incorrect because oxytocin's primary function is to facilitate milk ejection rather than directly stimulating the production of milk, the development of lactoferrin, or the secretion of relaxin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Diazepam is primarily used for relieving anxiety and muscle spasms. It is a benzodiazepine medication that works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain to produce a calming effect. While Diazepam is not used for managing post-partum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, or inducing labor, it is essential in treating anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, and certain types of seizures. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it aligns with the primary therapeutic use of Diazepam.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, one of the changes in the breast includes the prominence of Montgomery's tubercles. These sebaceous glands around the nipple become more noticeable at this stage. Colostrum production usually occurs later in pregnancy, typically closer to the third trimester. While breast tenderness is a common symptom of early pregnancy, it is not specific to the 6-8 week timeframe. Nipples becoming more prominent and mobile may happen later in pregnancy as the body prepares for breastfeeding, but it is not a typical change seen specifically at 6-8 weeks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and reproductive health, understanding the characteristics of septic abortion is crucial for healthcare professionals. Septic abortion is characterized by maternal pyrexia, which refers to a fever, as indicated by the correct answer choice D. This symptom is a key indicator of a systemic infection following an abortion procedure. Option A, backache, is a non-specific symptom that can be present in many conditions and is not specific to septic abortion. Option B, os open, refers to the cervical opening and is a physical examination finding rather than a characteristic of septic abortion. Option C, heavy bleeding, is a common symptom in both septic and non-septic abortions, making it less specific to septic abortion. Educationally, understanding the distinguishing features of septic abortion is vital for healthcare professionals to promptly identify and manage this serious condition to prevent complications such as sepsis. By recognizing maternal pyrexia as a hallmark sign of septic abortion, healthcare providers can initiate timely interventions and provide appropriate care to patients in need.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Inevitable abortion is characterized by an open os. This condition is associated with heavy bleeding. While severe cramping can be present in inevitable abortion, the key characteristic is the open os, making choice B the correct answer. Choices A and D are incorrect because they do not specifically describe the defining feature of inevitable abortion, which is the open os.