What is dysmenorrhoea?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dysmenorrhoea is the medical term for painful menstruation. It is characterized by cramp-like abdominal pain that occurs just before or during menstruation. Choice A, heavy menstruation, is referred to as menorrhagia. Choice B, light menstruation, is not a term used to describe a specific menstrual condition. Choice D, infrequent menstruation, is known as oligomenorrhea, not dysmenorrhoea.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A diet rich in soya items can help control menopause symptoms. Soya contains phytoestrogens, which are plant-based compounds that mimic the hormone estrogen in the body. These compounds may help alleviate menopause symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Choice A, Carbohydrates, do not specifically target menopause symptoms. Choice C, Fruits and veggies, while generally healthy, do not have the same impact on menopause symptoms as soya. Choice D, Eggs and meat, do not contain phytoestrogens like soya, making them less effective in managing menopause symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, therapeutic abortion, which is a type of induced abortion performed for medical reasons. Missed abortion, inevitable abortion, and threatened abortion are types of spontaneous abortions, not induced abortions. Missed abortion refers to a non-viable pregnancy, inevitable abortion is a miscarriage that cannot be stopped, and threatened abortion is when there is bleeding during pregnancy without cervical dilation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and reproductive health, understanding the complications of abortions is crucial for healthcare professionals. The correct answer, option D, Septicaemia, is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication that can arise from an abortion procedure. Septicaemia refers to a severe infection in the bloodstream, often caused by bacterial contamination during the abortion process. This infection can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ failure if not promptly treated with appropriate antibiotics. Option A, Malnutrition, is not a typical complication of abortions. While nutritional considerations are important in post-abortion care, malnutrition is not directly associated with the abortion procedure itself. Option B, Peritoneum, is a layer of tissue lining the abdominal cavity and is not a common complication of abortions. Peritoneal complications are more related to abdominal surgeries or inflammatory conditions affecting the abdomen. Option C, Fibroids, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus and are not directly linked to abortions as a common complication. Fibroids may impact fertility or pregnancy outcomes but are not typically a result of the abortion procedure. Educationally, understanding the potential complications of abortions is essential for healthcare providers to recognize and manage these situations effectively. By knowing the correct complications, healthcare professionals can ensure timely intervention and prevent adverse outcomes for patients undergoing abortion procedures. This knowledge also underscores the importance of providing comprehensive post-abortion care to minimize risks and promote patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, conditions such as twisted ovarian cysts should be considered. Twisted ovarian cysts can present with similar symptoms to ectopic pregnancy, making it important to include them in the differential diagnosis. Choices A, B, and D are not typically part of the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Inevitable abortion refers to an imminent miscarriage, dysmenorrhea is characterized by painful menstruation, and fibroids are benign growths in the uterus, none of which are directly related to ectopic pregnancy.