Menopausal women require a diet rich in calcium to prevent osteoporosis. Which one of the following is a source of calcium?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Spinach is a good source of calcium, which is crucial for preventing osteoporosis in menopausal women. Spinach is a leafy green vegetable high in calcium content. While cabbage, carrots, and rape are nutritious, they do not provide as much calcium as spinach does. Therefore, spinach is the correct choice for menopausal women looking to increase their calcium intake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, therapeutic abortion, which is a type of induced abortion performed for medical reasons. Missed abortion, inevitable abortion, and threatened abortion are types of spontaneous abortions, not induced abortions. Missed abortion refers to a non-viable pregnancy, inevitable abortion is a miscarriage that cannot be stopped, and threatened abortion is when there is bleeding during pregnancy without cervical dilation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and reproductive health, understanding the complications of abortions is crucial for healthcare professionals. The correct answer, option D, Septicaemia, is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication that can arise from an abortion procedure. Septicaemia refers to a severe infection in the bloodstream, often caused by bacterial contamination during the abortion process. This infection can lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ failure if not promptly treated with appropriate antibiotics. Option A, Malnutrition, is not a typical complication of abortions. While nutritional considerations are important in post-abortion care, malnutrition is not directly associated with the abortion procedure itself. Option B, Peritoneum, is a layer of tissue lining the abdominal cavity and is not a common complication of abortions. Peritoneal complications are more related to abdominal surgeries or inflammatory conditions affecting the abdomen. Option C, Fibroids, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus and are not directly linked to abortions as a common complication. Fibroids may impact fertility or pregnancy outcomes but are not typically a result of the abortion procedure. Educationally, understanding the potential complications of abortions is essential for healthcare providers to recognize and manage these situations effectively. By knowing the correct complications, healthcare professionals can ensure timely intervention and prevent adverse outcomes for patients undergoing abortion procedures. This knowledge also underscores the importance of providing comprehensive post-abortion care to minimize risks and promote patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, conditions such as twisted ovarian cysts should be considered. Twisted ovarian cysts can present with similar symptoms to ectopic pregnancy, making it important to include them in the differential diagnosis. Choices A, B, and D are not typically part of the differential diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Inevitable abortion refers to an imminent miscarriage, dysmenorrhea is characterized by painful menstruation, and fibroids are benign growths in the uterus, none of which are directly related to ectopic pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus. Common outcomes include tubal abortion (spontaneous termination of ectopic pregnancy within the fallopian tube), tubal rupture (rupture of the fallopian tube leading to internal bleeding), and intra-tubal bleeding. Secondary abdominal pregnancy, on the other hand, is a rare occurrence and not a typical outcome of an ectopic pregnancy. It involves the implantation of a fertilized egg in the peritoneal cavity rather than the uterus.