During a home visit, a nurse observes an older client who is attempting to ambulate to the bathroom and notes that the client is unsteady and holds on to the furniture while refusing any assistance. Which action should the nurse implement?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action for the nurse to implement is to determine home navigational safety hazards (Option A). This is crucial because the nurse has observed the client being unsteady while ambulating, which indicates potential safety risks within the home environment. By assessing and identifying these hazards, the nurse can create a safer space for the client to move around independently and reduce the risk of falls or accidents. Option B, maintaining the client's privacy while in the bathroom, is not the most appropriate action in this situation as the primary concern is the client's safety while ambulating. While privacy is important, it is secondary to ensuring the client's physical safety. Option C, recommending that the client obtain a walker, and Option D, encouraging the client to obtain a medical alert device, are also not the most immediate actions to take. While both of these interventions may be beneficial for the client in the long run, addressing the home safety hazards is the most critical step to prevent immediate harm or injury to the client. In the context of community health nursing, it is essential for nurses to prioritize client safety and well-being during home visits. By addressing environmental safety concerns, nurses can empower clients to maintain their independence and quality of life while minimizing the risk of accidents or injuries in their home environment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) older females. Older females, likely grandmothers or elder women in the Somali community, hold significant influence over health decision-making for children. In many cultures, including Somali, older women are respected for their wisdom and experience, often playing a pivotal role in shaping beliefs and practices related to healthcare. They may hold traditional beliefs or have cultural values that impact the mothers' perceptions of their children's healthcare needs. Option A) husbands may have influence in decision-making, but in the context of this community, older females are typically more influential in matters related to childcare. Option B) clinic healthcare providers may have authority, but cultural beliefs and values may supersede their recommendations. Option D) tribal chief might hold authority, but in this case, it is more likely that the influence of older females within the community is stronger. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of cultural competence in community health nursing. Understanding the cultural dynamics and influencers within a specific population is crucial for providing effective and respectful care. Nurses must consider and respect the cultural beliefs and values of the community they serve to build trust and promote positive health outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, option D is the most appropriate choice as an example of proficient performance criteria in professionalism for an occupational health nurse's self-evaluation. Developing policy initiatives that impact occupational health and safety demonstrates a high level of professionalism as it involves critical thinking, leadership, and advocacy for the well-being of workers. Option A, contributing money to a professional society, though commendable, does not directly reflect the nurse's professional competence in their role. Option B, maintaining chairmanship of a nursing council, is more related to leadership skills than professionalism specifically. Option C, documenting the nursing process in care management, is important but does not specifically address professionalism criteria in the context of occupational health nursing. Educationally, understanding the significance of policy development in occupational health and safety is crucial for nurses in this specialty. It not only enhances their professional growth but also contributes to creating safer work environments and promoting health outcomes for workers. Professionalism in nursing goes beyond routine tasks and encompasses actions that advance the profession and prioritize patient and worker well-being.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) anthrax. Anthrax is a high-risk bioterrorism agent because it is readily transmitted by several portals of entry, making it a potential biological weapon. Anthrax spores can enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, allowing for multiple routes of exposure and infection. The incorrect options are B) smallpox, C) botulism, and D) tularemia. Smallpox, although a serious infectious disease, has been eradicated globally through vaccination efforts. Botulism is a toxin produced by bacteria found in contaminated food, not easily transmissible from person to person like anthrax. Tularemia is a bacterial disease transmitted through insect bites, animal contact, or inhalation, but it is not as easily transmissible by multiple routes as anthrax. In an educational context, understanding the characteristics of various bioterrorism agents is crucial for community health nurses to effectively respond to potential threats. Recognizing the transmission routes and symptoms of these agents can help in early detection, containment, and mitigation of bioterrorism incidents, safeguarding public health and safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) return to the emergency room if flu-like symptoms develop within 42 days. This instruction is crucial because inhalation anthrax symptoms can mimic those of the flu initially, and early detection and treatment are key to a better prognosis. By advising the client to seek medical attention promptly if flu-like symptoms develop, the nurse is ensuring timely evaluation and appropriate management. Option B) notify co-workers to get the anthrax vaccine at the public health department is incorrect because there is no vaccine available for anthrax exposure. Anthrax vaccine is only recommended for prevention, not for post-exposure treatment. Option C) isolation from friends and family members is recommended for 3 weeks is incorrect as it is not necessary for inhalation anthrax. Anthrax is not transmitted person-to-person, so isolation is not required. Option D) cleanse all surfaces touched with pre-moistened anti-bacterial wipes is incorrect because anthrax is primarily spread through inhalation of spores, not through surface contact. While general hygiene practices are important, they are not the primary focus in managing inhalation anthrax exposure. In an educational context, understanding the specific instructions for managing anthrax exposure is vital for healthcare professionals working in community health settings. Providing accurate information and clear instructions to clients in such situations can significantly impact their outcomes and overall well-being.