HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is prescribed for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. The nurse monitors the client after medication administration for which therapeutic response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is a synthetic form of vasopressin used to treat diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive urination and extreme thirst. The correct therapeutic response to monitor for after administering DDAVP is a decreased urinary output. This is because DDAVP works by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing the volume of urine produced and helping to alleviate the symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia associated with diabetes insipidus. The incorrect options can be explained as follows: - Decreased blood pressure (Option B): DDAVP can cause an increase in blood pressure as a side effect, so a decrease in blood pressure would not be the expected therapeutic response. - Decreased peripheral edema (Option C): DDAVP does not directly affect peripheral edema, so a decrease in edema would not be the expected therapeutic response. - Decreased blood glucose level (Option D): DDAVP does not have a direct effect on blood glucose levels, so a decrease in blood glucose would not be the expected therapeutic response. In an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of medications is crucial for nurses to assess and evaluate therapeutic responses accurately. In the case of DDAVP, knowing that it works by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys helps nurses identify the expected outcome of decreased urinary output. This knowledge enhances patient care and ensures optimal medication effectiveness.
Question 2 of 5
The client who chronically uses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been taking misoprostol (Cytotec). The nurse determines that the medication is having the intended therapeutic effect if which of the following is noted?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Relief of epigastric pain. Misoprostol is a medication often prescribed alongside NSAIDs to help protect the stomach lining and prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding, which are common side effects of long-term NSAID use. Epigastric pain is a key symptom of NSAID-induced gastric irritation, so relief of this pain indicates that misoprostol is effectively providing gastroprotective benefits. Option A) Resolved diarrhea is incorrect because misoprostol is not primarily used to treat diarrhea but rather to prevent gastric ulcers. Options C) Decreased platelet count and D) Decreased white blood cell count are also incorrect as misoprostol does not typically affect blood cell counts. These options are not related to the therapeutic effect of misoprostol in the context of NSAID use. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind using misoprostol with NSAIDs is essential for healthcare providers to ensure the safe and effective management of patients on chronic NSAID therapy. Knowing the expected therapeutic outcomes helps nurses and other healthcare professionals assess the effectiveness of the treatment and monitor for any potential adverse effects.
Question 3 of 5
After administering acetylcysteine (Mucomyst), 20% solution diluted in 0.9% normal saline by nebulizer, the nurse should have which item available for potential use?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcysteine is administered via inhalation as a mucolytic. It helps liquefy secretions, making it easier for the client to clear them. However, in some cases, the increased volume of liquefied secretions may be challenging for the client to manage, leading to the potential need for suction equipment to assist in clearing the airway. Therefore, the nurse should have suction equipment available after administering acetylcysteine to address any issues related to excessive secretions.
Question 4 of 5
A client is to begin a 6-month course of therapy with isoniazid (INH). A nurse plans to teach the client to:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a client is on isoniazid (INH) therapy, they should be instructed to report any signs of hepatitis, such as yellowing of the eyes or skin, immediately. Alcohol consumption should be avoided during INH therapy due to the risk of hepatotoxicity. Foods high in tyramine, such as Swiss or aged cheeses, should also be avoided to prevent adverse reactions. Additionally, while on INH therapy, it is essential to avoid vitamin supplements containing pyridoxine (vitamin B6) to prevent potential interactions.
Question 5 of 5
A client is prescribed calcium gluconate after thyroidectomy. The medication is most likely prescribed to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After a thyroidectomy, the parathyroid glands can be inadvertently removed or damaged, leading to a decrease in calcium levels and potentially causing hypocalcemic tetany. Calcium gluconate is given to supplement calcium levels and prevent or treat hypocalcemia-related symptoms, such as muscle spasms and tetany.