At what age does the first menstrual period typically occur?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) 9 and 15 years. The first menstrual period, also known as menarche, typically occurs between the ages of 9 and 15 years. This age range aligns with the normal onset of puberty in females, during which hormonal changes trigger the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the maturation of the reproductive system. Option B) 2 and 10 years is incorrect because menarche rarely occurs as early as 2 years old. Puberty usually begins around 8-13 years old, making the range of 2-10 years too early for the first menstrual period. Option C) 1 and 5 years is also incorrect as menarche does not typically occur before the age of 9. Starting menstruation at 1-5 years old would be extremely rare and not in line with normal physiological development. Option D) 18 and 20 years is incorrect because menarche usually occurs before the age of 18. While the age of menarche can vary among individuals, most females will have their first menstrual period before reaching 18 years old. Understanding the typical age range for menarche is important in reproductive health education. It helps individuals and healthcare providers recognize normal development and identify potential issues if menstruation does not occur within the expected age range. By knowing when to expect menarche, individuals can better manage their reproductive health and seek appropriate medical advice if needed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. 'Show' is not a common symptom in all types of abortion. Lower abdominal pain, per vaginal bleeding, and backache are common symptoms associated with abortion. Lower abdominal pain may result from uterine contractions, per vaginal bleeding is a typical presentation, and backache can be a symptom due to the process of abortion. 'Show' refers to the mucus plug that blocks the cervix during pregnancy and is not a typical symptom of abortion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prepuce. The upper folds of the labia minora surround the clitoris and unite to form the prepuce, which is a hood-like structure protecting the clitoris. The frenulum (choice A) is a small fold of tissue under the tongue or upper lip, not related to the female genitalia. The fourchette (choice C) refers to the area where the labia minora meet at the posterior end of the vulva, not involving the clitoris. The vestibule (choice D) is the space between the labia minora containing the vaginal and urethral openings, not directly formed by the upper folds of the labia minora.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The vaginal lining is primarily formed by squamous epithelium. Squamous epithelium is the correct answer because it is the type of epithelium that lines the vaginal canal. Stratified epithelium consists of multiple layers and is not the primary type found in the vaginal lining. Vascular connective tissue and muscle coat are not the main components of the vaginal lining, making them incorrect choices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 80. The non-pregnant uterus typically weighs around 80 grams. This weight may vary slightly among individuals, but 80 grams is a commonly accepted average. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the typical weight of the non-pregnant uterus. It is important to remember this approximate weight for medical reference and understanding of normal anatomical variations.