HESI RN
HESI Medical Surgical Practice Exam Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
An elderly client is admitted with a diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia. The nurse's assessment of the client will most likely reveal which sign/symptom?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the case of an elderly client admitted with bacterial pneumonia, the correct answer is D) Confusion and tachycardia. This is because confusion and tachycardia are common signs and symptoms of pneumonia in the elderly population. Confusion can be a result of hypoxia due to impaired gas exchange in the lungs, while tachycardia can occur as the body tries to compensate for the decreased oxygen levels. Option A) Leukocytosis and febrile are more general signs of infection and inflammation, which can be present in pneumonia but are not as specific to pneumonia in the elderly. Option B) Polycythemia and crackles are not typically associated with pneumonia. Polycythemia refers to an increase in red blood cells, which is not a common finding in pneumonia. Crackles may be present in pneumonia but are not as specific to the elderly population. Option C) Pharyngitis and sputum production are more commonly seen in conditions like upper respiratory tract infections or bronchitis, rather than bacterial pneumonia. In an educational context, it is important for nursing students to understand the specific signs and symptoms of pneumonia in the elderly population as they are at higher risk for complications. Recognizing these signs early on can lead to prompt interventions and improved patient outcomes.
Question 2 of 5
What is the correct procedure for performing an ophthalmoscopic examination on a client's right retina?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During an ophthalmoscopic examination, the client should focus on a distant object behind the examiner to dilate the pupil, and the examiner should stand at a distance of 12-15 inches away and slightly to the side. This angle allows for better visualization of the retina. Holding the ophthalmoscope firmly against the examiner's face and shining the light into the client's pupil helps examine the retina effectively. Choice A is incorrect because the client should look at a distant object, not the examiner's nose. Choice B is incorrect as the ophthalmoscope should be directed towards the client's eye, not the examiner's eye. Choice D is incorrect because keeping the ophthalmoscope at least 3 inches away may not provide an optimal view of the retina.
Question 3 of 5
The client who has a history of Parkinson's disease for the past 5 years is being assessed by the nurse. What symptoms would this client most likely exhibit?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parkinson's Disease, a common neurologic progressive disorder in older clients, is characterized by symptoms such as shuffling gait, masklike facial expression, and tremors of the head and hands. Choice A is incorrect as symptoms like loss of short-term memory, facial tics, and constant writhing movements are not typically associated with Parkinson's disease. Choice C is incorrect as extreme muscular weakness, easy fatigability, and ptosis are more indicative of other conditions like myasthenia gravis. Choice D is incorrect as numbness of the extremities, loss of balance, and visual disturbances are not classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse assesses a client with advanced cirrhosis of the liver for signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding would the nurse consider an indication of progressive hepatic encephalopathy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Difficulty in handwriting is a common early sign of hepatic encephalopathy. Changes in handwriting can indicate progression or reversal of hepatic encephalopathy leading to coma. Choice (A) is a sign of ascites, not hepatic encephalopathy. Hypertension and a bounding pulse (Choice B) are not typically associated with hepatic encephalopathy. Decreased bowel sounds (Choice C) do not directly indicate an increase in serum ammonia level, which is the primary cause of hepatic encephalopathy.
Question 5 of 5
An 81-year-old male client has emphysema. He lives at home with his cat and manages self-care with no difficulty. When making a home visit, the nurse notices that his tongue is somewhat cracked, and his eyeballs are sunken into his head. What nursing intervention is indicated?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing intervention in this scenario is to assist the client in finding ways to increase his fluid intake. Clients with COPD, including emphysema, should aim to consume at least three liters of fluids per day to help keep their mucus thin. As the disease progresses, these clients may decrease fluid intake due to various reasons. Suggesting creative methods, such as having disposable fruit juices readily available, can help the client meet this goal. Option B is incorrect as seeing an ear, nose, and throat specialist is not directly related to the client's symptoms. Option C is not the priority in this case, as the main concern is addressing the client's dehydration. Option D does not address the immediate need for managing the client's dehydration and is not the most appropriate intervention at this time.