HESI RN
HESI Pediatric Practice Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A mother brings her 3-week-old infant to the clinic because the baby vomits after eating and always seems hungry. Further assessment indicates that the infant's vomiting is projectile, and the child seems listless. Which additional assessment finding indicates the possibility of a life-threatening complication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the infant presenting with vomiting, lethargy, and projectile vomiting indicates a potential serious condition. Crying without tears is a sign of dehydration, a critical condition that can lead to life-threatening complications in infants. Dehydration can rapidly worsen an infant's condition, making prompt intervention crucial to prevent further complications.
Question 2 of 5
An adolescent's mother calls the primary HCP's office to inquire about the results of her daughter's serum test that was drawn last week. Since it is the teenager's 18th birthday, how should the nurse respond to this mother's inquiry?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When an individual turns 18, they are legally considered an adult, and privacy laws mandate that their consent is required before sharing their medical information with others. It is important to respect the adolescent's autonomy and privacy rights by explaining to the mother that the information cannot be disclosed without the 18-year-old's permission.
Question 3 of 5
A 6-year-old boy with bronchial asthma takes the beta-adrenergic agonist agent albuterol (Proventil). The child's mother tells the nurse that she uses this medication to open her son's airway when he is having trouble breathing. What is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is to assure the mother that she is using the medication correctly. Albuterol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that helps open the airways during an asthma attack. By reassuring the mother, the nurse reinforces the correct usage of the medication, which is crucial in managing the child's asthma symptoms effectively.
Question 4 of 5
The healthcare provider is preparing a teaching plan for the parents of a 6-month-old infant with GERD. What instruction should the healthcare provider include when teaching the parents measures to promote adequate nutrition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of caring for a 6-month-old infant with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), it is crucial for healthcare providers to provide accurate and effective education to parents regarding measures to promote adequate nutrition. The correct answer, option B, which suggests mixing the formula with rice cereal, is the most appropriate choice. Rice cereal is often recommended for infants with GERD because it can help thicken the formula, making it less likely to reflux back into the esophagus. This can reduce symptoms of GERD and improve the infant's ability to keep the feedings down. By thickening the formula with rice cereal, parents can help their infant receive adequate nutrition without experiencing as much discomfort or reflux. Regarding the incorrect options: A) Alternating glucose water with formula is not recommended as it does not address the underlying issue of GERD and may not provide adequate nutrition for the infant. C) Adding multivitamins with iron to the formula may not directly address the reflux issue and could potentially complicate the infant's digestion further. D) Using water to dilute the formula can lead to inadequate nutrition for the infant and may worsen GERD symptoms due to increased fluid intake. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers to explain the rationale behind each recommendation to parents, ensuring they understand the impact of their actions on their child's health. By providing clear and evidence-based guidance, healthcare providers empower parents to make informed decisions that support their infant's well-being.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse provides information about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to the mother of a 14-year-old adolescent who came to the clinic this morning complaining of menstrual cramping. Which explanation should the nurse provide to support administering the HPV vaccine to the adolescent at this visit?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D) Immunity must be established to prevent future HPV infection and the risk for cervical cancer. Administering the HPV vaccine to adolescents is crucial because it helps establish immunity against the virus, which can lead to cervical cancer later in life. By vaccinating early, the adolescent can build immunity before potential exposure to HPV through sexual activity. Option A is incorrect because while protective barriers can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, they are not foolproof and do not provide the same level of protection as vaccination. Option B is incorrect and perpetuates a negative stereotype about adolescents, as honesty about sexual activity should not be assumed. Option C is also incorrect because while the vaccine may not cover all strains of HPV, it still offers significant protection against the most common cancer-causing strains. In an educational context, it is important for nurses to emphasize the importance of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases. Educating parents and adolescents about the benefits of vaccination can help increase vaccine uptake and ultimately reduce the burden of HPV-related illnesses in the population.